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NUCLEAR FAMILY 19769

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

THE

MAGICALALPHABET

 

..................

 

 

-
-
-
-
-
THE RAINBOW LIGHT
-
-
-
T
=
2
-
3
THE
33
15
6
R
=
9
-
7
RAINBOW
82
37
1
L
=
3
-
5
LIGHT
56
29
2
-
-
14
-
15
THE RAINBOW LIGHT
171
81
9
-
-
1+4
-
1+5
-
1+7+1
8+1
-
Q
-
5
-
6
THE RAINBOW LIGHT
9
9
9

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

THIS IS THE SCENE OF THE SCENE UNSEEN

THE UNSEEN SEEN OF THE SCENE UNSEEN THIS IS THE SCENE

 

 

3
THE
33
15
6
4
MIND
40
22
4
2
OF
21
12
3
9
HUMANKIND
95
41
5
18
First Total
189
90
18
1+8
Add to Reduce
1+8+9
9+0
1+8
9
Second Total
18
9
9
-
Reduce to Deduce
1+8
-
-
9
Essence of Number
9
9
9

 

 

THE LIGHT IS RISING NOW RISING IS THE LIGHT

 

 

....

 

 

A

MAZE

IN

ZAZAZA ENTERS AZAZAZ

AZAZAZAZAZAZAZZAZAZAZAZAZAZA

ZAZAZAZAZAZAZAZAZAAZAZAZAZAZAZAZAZAZ

THE

MAGICALALPHABET

ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZZYXWVUTSRQPONMLKJIHGFEDCBA

12345678910111213141516171819202122232425262625242322212019181716151413121110987654321

 

 

26
A
B
C
D
E
F
G
H
I
J
K
L
M
N
O
P
Q
R
S
T
U
V
W
X
Y
Z
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
9
-
-
-
-
5
6
-
-
-
1
-
-
-
-
6
-
8
+
=
43
4+3
=
7
-
7
-
7
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
9
-
-
-
-
14
15
-
-
-
19
-
-
-
-
24
-
26
+
=
115
1+1+5
=
7
-
7
-
7
26
A
B
C
D
E
F
G
H
I
J
K
L
M
N
O
P
Q
R
S
T
U
V
W
X
Y
Z
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
-
-
1
2
3
4
-
-
7
8
9
-
2
3
4
5
-
7
-
+
=
83
8+3
=
11
1+1
2
-
2
-
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
-
-
10
11
12
13
-
-
16
17
18
-
20
21
22
23
-
25
-
+
=
236
2+3+6
=
11
1+1
2
-
2
26
A
B
C
D
E
F
G
H
I
J
K
L
M
N
O
P
Q
R
S
T
U
V
W
X
Y
Z
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
+
=
351
3+5+1
=
9
-
9
-
9
-
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
+
=
126
1+2+6
=
9
-
9
-
9
26
A
B
C
D
E
F
G
H
I
J
K
L
M
N
O
P
Q
R
S
T
U
V
W
X
Y
Z
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
+
=
1
occurs
x
3
=
3
-
3
-
-
2
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
2
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
2
-
-
-
-
-
-
+
=
2
occurs
x
3
=
6
-
6
-
-
-
3
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
3
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
3
-
-
-
-
-
+
=
3
occurs
x
3
=
9
-
9
-
-
-
-
4
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
4
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
4
-
-
-
-
+
=
4
occurs
x
3
=
12
1+2
3
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
+
=
5
occurs
x
3
=
15
1+5
6
-
-
-
-
-
-
6
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
6
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
6
-
-
+
=
6
occurs
x
3
=
18
1+8
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
7
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
7
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
7
-
+
=
7
occurs
x
3
=
21
2+1
3
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
+
=
8
occurs
x
3
=
24
2+4
6
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
+
=
9
occurs
x
2
=
18
1+8
9
26
A
B
C
D
E
F
G
H
I
J
K
L
M
N
O
P
Q
R
S
T
U
V
W
X
Y
Z
-
-
45
-
-
26
-
126
-
54
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
4+5
-
-
2+6
-
1+2+6
-
5+4
26
A
B
C
D
E
F
G
H
I
J
K
L
M
N
O
P
Q
R
S
T
U
V
W
X
Y
Z
-
-
9
-
-
8
-
9
-
9
-
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
26
A
B
C
D
E
F
G
H
I
J
K
L
M
N
O
P
Q
R
S
T
U
V
W
X
Y
Z
-
-
9
-
-
8
-
9
-
9

 

 

GOD WITH US AND US WITH GOD

BEYOND THE VEIL ANOTHER VEIL ANOTHER VEIL BEYOND

THIS IS THE SEEN OF THE SCENE UNSEEN THE UNSEEN SEEN OF THE SCENE UNSEEN THIS IS THE SEEN

 

 

 

 

 

-
-
-
-
0
ZERO
-
-
-
-
-
-
2
-
Z+E
31
13
4
-
-
-
1
-
R
18
9
9
-
-
-
1
-
O
15
6
6
Z
=
8
4
4
ZERO
64
28
19
-
-
-
-
-
-
9+1
1+9
1+9
Z
=
8
4
-
ZERO
10
10
10
-
-
-
-
-
-
1+0
1+0
1+0
Z
=
8
4
-
ZERO
10
10
10

 

 

-
-
-
-
1
ONE
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
-
O
15
6
6
-
-
-
1
-
N
14
5
5
-
-
-
1
-
E
5
5
5
O
=
6
3
4
ONE
34
16
16
-
-
-
-
-
-
3+4
1+6
1+6
O
=
6
3
4
ONE
7
7
7

 

 

-
-
-
-
2
TWO
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
-
T
20
2
2
-
-
-
1
-
W
23
5
5
-
-
-
1
-
O
15
6
6
T
=
2
3
4
TWO
58
13
13
-
-
-
-
-
-
5+8
1+3
1+3
T
=
2
3
4
TWO
13
4
4
-
-
-
-
-
-
1+3
-
-
T
=
2
3
4
TWO
4
4
4

 

 

-
-
-
-
3
THREE
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
-
T
20
2
2
-
-
-
1
-
H
8
8
8
-
-
-
1
-
R
18
9
9
-
-
-
2
-
E+E
10
10
1
T
=
2
5
4
THREE
56
29
20
-
-
-
-
-
-
5+6
2+9
2+0
T
=
2
5
4
THREE
11
11
2
-
-
-
-
-
-
1+1
1+1
-
T
=
2
5
4
THREE
2
2
2

 

 

-
-
-
-
4
FOUR
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
-
F
6
6
6
-
-
-
2
-
O+U
36
9
9
-
-
-
1
-
R
18
9
9
F
=
6
4
4
FOUR
60
24
24
-
-
-
-
-
-
6+0
2+4
2+4
F
-
6
4
4
FOUR
6
6
6

 

 

-
-
-
-
5
FIVE
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
-
F
6
6
6
-
-
-
1
-
I
9
9
9
-
-
-
2
-
V+E
27
9
9
F
=
6
4
4
FIVE
60
24
24
-
-
-
-
-
-
6+0
2+4
2+4
F
=
6
4
4
FIVE
6
6
6

 

 

-
-
-
-
6
SIX
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
-
S
19
10
1
-
-
-
1
-
I
9
9
9
-
-
-
1
-
X
24
6
6
S
=
1
3
4
SIX
52
25
16
-
-
-
-
-
-
5+2
2+5
1+6
S
=
1
3
4
SIX
7
7
7

 

 

-
-
-
-
7
SEVEN
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
-
S
19
10
1
-
-
-
2
-
E+V
27
9
9
-
-
-
2
-
E+N
19
10
1
S
=
1
5
4
SEVEN
65
29
11
-
-
-
-
-
-
6+5
2+9
1+1
S
=
2
5
4
SEVEN
11
11
2
-
-
-
-
-
-
1+1
1+1
-
S
=
2
5
4
SEVEN
2
2
2

 

 

-
-
-
-
8
EIGHT
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
-
E
5
5
5
-
-
-
1
-
I
9
9
9
-
-
-
3
-
G+H+T
35
17
8
E
=
5
5
4
EIGHT
49
31
4
-
-
-
-
-
-
4+9
3+1
-
E
=
5
5
4
EIGHT
13
4
4
-
-
-
-
-
-
1+3
-
-
E
=
5
5
4
EIGHT
4
4
4

 

 

-
-
-
-
9
NINE
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
-
N
14
5
5
-
-
-
1
-
I
9
9
9
-
-
-
2
-
N+E
19
10
1
N
=
5
4
4
NINE
42
24
13
-
-
-
-
-
-
4+2
2+4
1+3
N
=
5
3
4
NINE
6
6
6

 

THE WORLD IS BUILT UPON THE POWER OF NUMBERS

"Pythagoras, the old master philosopher and mathematician, who lived in the sixth century BC, propounded the theory that nothing in the universe could exist without numbers. He established a Mystery School in Italy when he was 52 years old. He was born in Greece and lived between 582 and 507 BC, much of his life spent in study and travel. His Mystery School taught esoteric knowledge, which included the secret of number and vibration."

“The World is built upon the power of Numbers” ...Pythagoras – 6th century BC.

 

THE WORLD IS BUILT UPON THE POWER OF NUMBERS

 

T
=
2
Q
3
THE
33
15
6
W
=
5
-
5
WORLD
72
27
9
I
=
9
-
2
IS
28
10
1
B
=
2
Q
5
BUILT
64
19
1
U
=
3
-
4
UPON
66
21
3
T
=
2
Q
3
THE
33
15
6
P
=
7
Q
5
POWER
77
32
5
O
=
6
-
2
OF
21
12
3
N
=
5
-
7
NUMBERS
92
29
2
-
-
41
-
36
First Total
486
180
36
-
-
4+1
-
3+6
Add to Reduce
2+7+9
1+8+0
3+6
-
-
5
-
9
Second Total
18
9
9
-
-
-
-
-
Reduce to Deduce
1+8
-
-
-
-
5
-
9
Essence of Number
9
9
9

 

 

THE

LAWS OF NATURE ARE WRITTEN IN THE LANGUAGE OF MATHEMATICS

Galileo Galilei (1564-1642)

 

 

THE

WORLD GOVERNMENT OF PLANET EARTH

379-154-37-10-1 

 

T
=
2
Q
3
THE
33
15
6
W
=
5
-
5
WORLD
72
27
9
G
=
7
-
10
GOVERNMENT
133
52
7
O
=
6
-
2
OF
21
12
3
P
=
7
Q
5
PLANET
68
19
1
E
=
5
-
5
EARTH
52
25
7
-
-
32
-
30
First Total
379
154
37
-
-
3+2
-
3+0
Add to Reduce
3+7+9
1+5+4
3+7
-
-
5
-
3
Second Total
19
10
10
-
-
-
-
-
Reduce to Deduce
1+9
1+0
1+0
-
-
5
-
3
Third Total
10
1
1
-
-
-
-
-
Reduce to Deduce
1+0
-
-
-
-
5
-
3
Essence of Number
1
1
1

 

 

PLANET PLANT E PLANT PLANET

PLANET PLANT 5 PLANT PLANET

PLANET PLANT E PLANT PLANET

 

 

-
BORNAGAIN
-
-
-
4
BORN
49
22
4
5
AGAIN
32
23
5
9
AGAINBORN
81
45
9
-
-
8+1
4+5
-
9
BORNAGAIN-
9
9
9

 

 

-
REBORN
-
-
-
4
RE
23
14
5
5
BORN
49
22
4
9
REBORN
72
36
9
-
-
7+2
3+6
-
9
REBORN
9
9
9

 

REMEMBER ME ME REMEMBER

 

4
MIND
40
22
4
5
SIGHT
63
36
9
5
SOUND
73
28
1
5
SMELL
61
25
7
5
TASTE
65
20
2
5
TOUCH
67
22
4
29
-
369
153
27
2+9
-
3+6+9
1+5+3
2+7
11
-
18
9
9
1+1
-
1+8
-
-
2
-
9
9
9

 

 

5
SIGHT
63
36
9
5
SOUND
73
28
1
5
SMELL
61
25
7
5
TASTE
65
20
2
5
TOUCH
67
22
4
25
-
329
131
23
2+5
-
3+2+9
1+3+1
2+3
7
-
14
5
5
-
-
1+4
-
-
29
-
5
5
5

 

 

4
MIND
40
22
4
4
BODY
46
19
1
4
SOUL
67
13
4
12
-
153
54
9
1+2
-
1+5+3
1+5+3
-
3
-
9
9
9

 

 

4
MIND
40
22
4
4
HEAD
18
18
9
4
BODY
46
19
1
4
SOUL
67
13
4
12
-
171
72
18
1+2
-
1+7+1
7+2
1+8
3
-
9
9
9

 

 

5
BRAIN
44
26
8
4
BODY
46
19
1
9
-
90
45
9
-
-
9+0
4+5
-
9
-
9
9
9

 

 

6
BRAINS
63
36
9
5
BRAIN
44
26
8
7
BRITAIN
73
37
1

 

RAIN RAIN

B

RAIN

AND THEN THE SUN CAME OUT

BEHOLD

A

RA IN BOW RAINBOW

 

 

7
RAINBOW
-
-
-
1
R
18
18
9
1
A
1
1
1
5
I+N+B+O+W
63
27
9
7
RAINBOW
82
37
19
-
-
8+2
3+7
1+9
7
RAINBOW
10
10
10
-
-
1+0
1+0
1+0
7
RAINBOW
1
1
1

 

 

15
THE RAINBOW LIGHT
-
-
-
3
T+H+E
33
15
6
7
R+A+I+N+B+O+W
82
37
1
5
L+I+G+H+T
56
29
2
15
THE RAINBOW LIGHT
171
81
9
1+5
-
1+7+1
8+1
-
6
THE RAINBOW LIGHT
9
9
9
-
-
1+0
1+0
1+0
6
THE RAINBOW LIGHT
9
9
9

 

 

3
T+H+E
33
15
6
5
L+I+G+H+T
56
29
2
2
O+F
21
12
3
3
T+H+E
33
15
6
7
R+A+I+N+B+O+W
82
37
1
5
C+H+I+L+D
36
27
9
25
First Total
261
135
27
2+5
Add to Reduce
1+7+1
8+1
-
7
Second Total
9
9
9
-
Reduce to Deduce
1+0
1+0
1+0
7
Essence of Number
9
9
9

 

RAINBOW GODS OF GODS RAINBOW

 

 

FINGERPRINTS OF THE GODS

Graham Hancock

1995

Page 490

Library angels

The missing piece of the puzzle

"The novelist Arthur Koestler, who had a great interest in synchronicity, coined the term 'library angel' to describe the unknown agency responsible for the lucky breaks researchers sometimes get which lead /Page 491/to exactly the right information being placed in their hands at exactly the right moment"

 

 

-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
A
=
1
-
2
AS
20
11
2
-
-
2
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
I
=
9
-
2
IF
15
15
6
-
-
-
-
-
-
6
-
-
-
B
=
2
-
2
BY
27
9
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
M
=
4
-
5
MAGIC
33
24
6
-
-
-
-
-
-
6
-
-
-
W
=
5
-
4
WILL
56
20
2
-
-
2
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
I
=
9
-
8
INTENDED
75
39
3
-
-
-
3
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
30
-
23
First Total
226
118
28
-
1
4
3
4
5
12
7
8
9
-
-
3+0
-
2+3
Add to Reduce
2+2+6
1+1+8
2+8
-
-
-
-
-
-
1+2
-
-
-
-
3
-
5
Second Total
10
10
10
-
1
4
3
4
5
3
7
8
9
-
-
-
-
-
Reduce to Deduce
1+0
1+0
1+0
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
3
-
5
Essence of Number
1
1
1
-
1
4
3
4
5
3
7
8
9

 

 

-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
2
3
6
9
A
=
1
-
2
AS
20
11
2
-
2
-
-
-
I
=
9
-
2
IF
15
15
6
-
-
-
6
-
B
=
2
-
2
BY
27
9
9
-
-
-
-
9
M
=
4
-
5
MAGIC
33
24
6
-
-
-
6
-
W
=
5
-
4
WILL
56
20
2
-
2
-
-
-
I
=
9
-
8
INTENDED
75
39
3
-
-
3
-
-
-
-
30
-
23
First Total
226
118
28
-
4
3
12
9
-
-
3+0
-
2+3
Add to Reduce
2+2+6
1+1+8
2+8
-
-
-
1+2
-
-
3
-
5
Second Total
10
10
10
-
4
3
3
9
-
-
-
-
-
Reduce to Deduce
1+0
1+0
1+0
-
-
-
-
-
-
3
-
5
Essence of Number
1
1
1
-
4
3
3
9

 

 

-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
A
=
1
-
3
AND
19
10
1
-
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
M
=
4
-
5
MAGIC
33
24
6
-
-
-
-
-
-
6
-
-
-
I
=
9
-
2
IS
28
19
1
-
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
A
=
1
-
2
AS
20
11
2
-
-
2
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
M
=
4
-
5
MAGIC
33
24
6
-
-
-
-
-
-
6
-
-
-
D
=
4
-
4
DOES
43
7
7
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
7
-
-
-
-
23
-
21
First Total
176
95
23
-
2
2
3
4
5
12
7
8
9
-
-
2+3
-
2+1
Add to Reduce
1+7+6
9+5
2+3
-
-
-
-
-
-
1+2
-
-
-
-
5
-
3
Second Total
14
14
5
-
2
2
3
4
5
3
7
8
9
-
-
-
-
-
Reduce to Deduce
1+4
1+4
1+0
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
3
Essence of Number
5
5
5
-
2
2
3
4
5
3
7
8
9

 

....

 

LIGHT DARK BALANCING TWILIGHT BALANCING DARK LIGHT

DARK LIGHT BALANCING TWILIGHT BALANCING LIGHT DARK

 

 

1
I
9
9
9
4
THAT
49
13
4
2
AM
14
14
5
3
THE
33
15
6
5
LIGHT
56
29
2
7
BRINGER
73
46
1
22
Add to Reduce
234
126
27
2+2
Reduce to Deduce
2+3+4
1+2+6
2+7
4
Essence of Number
9
9
9

 

THE

BALANCING

I 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1

I 2 3 4 FIVE 6 7 8 9 9 8 7 6 FIVE 4 3 2 1

I 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1

 

-
PROMETHEUS
-
-
-
1
P
16
7
7
1
R
18
9
9
1
O
15
6
6
1
M
13
4
4
1
E
5
5
5
1
T
20
2
2
1
H
8
8
8
1
E
5
5
5
1
U
21
3
3
1
S
19
10
1
10
PROMETHEUS
140
59
50
1+0
-
1+4+0
5+9
5+0
1
PROMETHEUS
5
5
5
-
-
-
5+9
-
1
PROMETHEUS
5
5
5

 

PROMETHEUS MET ORPHEUS MET PROMETHEUS

 

-
PROMETHEUS
-
-
-
1
MET
38
11
7
1
ORPHEUS
102
8
8
10
PROMETHEUS
140
59
50
1+0
-
1+4+0
5+9
5+0
1
PROMETHEUS
5
5
5
-
-
-
5+9
-
1
PROMETHEUS
5
5
5

 

ORPHEUS MET PROMETHEUS MET ORPHEUS MET PROMETHEUS

 

 

3
THE
33
15
6
5
LIGHT
56
29
2
7
BRINGER
73
46
1
15
Add to Reduce
162
90
9
1+5
Reduce to Deduce
1+6+2
9+0
-
6
Essence of Number
9
9
9

 

 

STRIKE A LIGHT

LUCIFER MEETS ITS MATCH

 

 

-
REDEMPTIVE
-
-
-
1
R
18
9
9
2
E+D
9
9
9
2
E+M
18
9
9
2
P+T
36
9
9
1
I
9
9
9
2
V+E
27
9
9
10
REDEMPTIVE
117
54
54
1+0
-
1+1+7
5+4
5+4
1
REDEMPTIVE
9
9
9

 

 

I

ME

I SAY ISIS SAY I

I SAY OSIRIS SAY I

I SAY CHRIST SAY I

I SAY KRISHNA SAY I

I SAY RISHI ISHI ISHI RISHI SAY I

I SAY VISHNU SHIVA SHIVA VISHNU SAY I

ARISES THAT SUN SETS THAT SUN SETS THAT SUN ARISES THAT SUN

OSIRIS THAT SON SETS THAT SON SETS THAT SON OSIRIS THAT SON

BELOVED ISIS QUEEN OF THE NIGHT COME WEAVE THY WEB WITH RAPID LIGHT

 

 

1234556789 PROMETHEUS 1234556789

 

LIGHT DARK BALANCING TWILIGHT BALANCING DARK LIGHT

DARK LIGHT BALANCING TWILIGHT BALANCING LIGHT DARK

 

 

1
I
9
9
9
4
THAT
49
13
4
2
AM
14
14
5
3
THE
33
15
6
5
LIGHT
56
29
2
7
BRINGER
73
46
1
22
Add to Reduce
234
126
27
2+2
Reduce to Deduce
2+3+4
1+2+6
2+7
4
Essence of Number
9
9
9

 

THE

BALANCING

I 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1

I 2 3 4 FIVE 6 7 8 9 9 8 7 6 FIVE 4 3 2 1

I 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1

 

-
PROMETHEUS
-
-
-
1
P
16
7
7
1
R
18
9
9
1
O
15
6
6
1
M
13
4
4
1
E
5
5
5
1
T
20
2
2
1
H
8
8
8
1
E
5
5
5
1
U
21
3
3
1
S
19
10
1
10
PROMETHEUS
140
59
50
1+0
-
1+4+0
5+9
5+0
1
PROMETHEUS
5
14
5
-
-
-
1+4
-
1
PROMETHEUS
5
5
5

 

In Greek mythology, Prometheus 1] is a Titan, culture hero, and trickster figure who is credited with the creation of man from clay, and who defies the gods and ...
‎Prometheus (2012 film) - ‎Prometheus - ‎Theft of fire - ‎Culture hero

Prometheus

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

In Greek mythology, Prometheus (/prəˈmiːθiːəs/; Greek: Προμηθεύς, pronounced [promɛːtʰeús], meaning "forethought")[1] is a Titan, culture hero, and trickster figure who is credited with the creation of man from clay, and who defies the gods and gives fire to humanity, an act that enabled progress and civilization. Prometheus is known for his intelligence and as a champion of mankind.[2]

The punishment of Prometheus as a consequence of the theft is a major theme of his mythology, and is a popular subject of both ancient and modern art. Zeus, king of the Olympian gods, sentenced the Titan to eternal torment for his transgression. The immortal Prometheus was bound to a rock, where each day an eagle, the emblem of Zeus, was sent to feed on his liver, which would then grow back to be eaten again the next day. (In ancient Greece, the liver was thought to be the seat of human emotions.)[3] In some stories, Prometheus is freed at last by the hero Heracles (Hercules).

In another of his myths, Prometheus establishes the form of animal sacrifice practiced in ancient Greek religion. Evidence of a cult to Prometheus himself is not widespread. He was a focus of religious activity mainly at Athens, where he was linked to Athena and Hephaestus, other Greek deities of creative skills and technology.[4]

In the Western classical tradition, Prometheus became a figure who represented human striving, particularly the quest for scientific knowledge, and the risk of overreaching or unintended consequences. In particular, he was regarded in the Romantic era as embodying the lone genius whose efforts to improve human existence could also result in tragedy: Mary Shelley, for instance, gave The Modern Prometheus as the subtitle to her novel Frankenstein (1818).

1 Myths and legends 1.1 The oldest legends of Prometheus among the Ancients
1.1.1 Hesiod and the Theogony
1.1.2 Homer, the Iliad, and the Homeric Hymns
1.1.3 Pindar and the Nemean Odes
1.1.4 Pythagoras and the Pythagorean Doctrine

1.2 The Athenian Tradition of Prometheus: Aeschylus and Plato 1.2.1 Aeschylus and the Ancient Literary Aesthetics of Prometheus
1.2.2 Plato and the Philosophical Interpretation of Prometheus
1.2.3 The Athenian tradition of religious dedication and observance
1.2.4 The Aesthetic tradition of Prometheus in Athenian art

1.3 Other authors

2 Religious symbolism in late Roman antiquity
3 The allegorical tradition of the Middle Ages
4 Prometheus in the Renaissance
5 The Post-Renaissance tradition 5.1 The literary Post-Renaissance tradition 5.1.1 Goethe and the Prometheus-Ganymede poems
5.1.2 Percy Bysshe Shelley and Prometheus Unbound
5.1.3 Mary Shelley and Frankenstein: The Modern Prometheus
5.1.4 Prometheus in the Twentieth Century

5.2 The aesthetic Post-Renaissance tradition 5.2.1 Classical music, opera, and ballet
5.2.2 In film

The oldest legends of Prometheus among the Ancients[edit]

The four most ancient sources for understanding the origin of the Prometheus myths and legends all rely on the images represented in the Titanomachia, or the cosmological climactic struggle between the Greek gods and their parents, the Titans.[5] Prometheus himself was a titan who managed to avoid being in the direct confrontational cosmic battle between Zeus and his followers against Cronus, Uranus and their followers.[6] Prometheus therefore survived the struggle in which the offending titans were eternally banished by Zeus to the chthonic depths of Tartarus, only to survive to confront Zeus on his own terms in subsequent climactic struggles. The greater Titanomachia depicts an overarching metaphor of the struggle between generations, between parents and their children, symbolic of the generation of parents needing to eventually give ground to the growing needs, vitality, and responsibilities of the new generation for the perpetuation of society and survival interests of the human race as a whole. Prometheus and his struggle would be of vast merit to human society as well in this mythology as he was to be credited with the creation of humans and therefore all of humanity as well. The four most ancient historical sources for the Prometheus myth are Hesiod, Homer, Pindar, and Pythagoras.

Hesiod and the Theogony[edit]

The Prometheus myth first appeared in the late 8th-century BC Greek epic poet Hesiod's Theogony (lines 507–616). He was a son of the Titan Iapetus by Clymene, one of the Oceanids. He was brother to Menoetius, Atlas, and Epimetheus. In the Theogony, Hesiod introduces Prometheus as a lowly challenger to Zeus's omniscience and omnipotence.[7] In the trick at Mekone, a sacrificial meal marking the "settling of accounts" between mortals and immortals, Prometheus played a trick against Zeus (545–557). He placed two sacrificial offerings before the Olympian: a selection of beef hidden inside an ox's stomach (nourishment hidden inside a displeasing exterior), and the bull's bones wrapped completely in "glistening fat" (something inedible hidden inside a pleasing exterior). Zeus chose the latter, setting a precedent for future sacrifices.[7]

Henceforth, humans would keep that meat for themselves and burn the bones wrapped in fat as an offering to the gods. This angered Zeus, who hid fire from humans in retribution. In this version of the myth, the use of fire was already known to humans, but withdrawn by Zeus.[8] Prometheus, however, stole back fire in a giant fennel-stalk and restored it to humanity. This further enraged Zeus, who sent Pandora, the first woman, to live with humanity.[7] Pandora was fashioned by Hephaestus out of clay and brought to life by the four winds, with all the goddesses of Olympus assembled to adorn her. "From her is the race of women and female kind," Hesiod writes; "of her is the deadly race and tribe of women who live amongst mortal men to their great trouble, no helpmeets in hateful poverty, but only in wealth."[7]

Prometheus Brings Fire by Heinrich Friedrich Füger. Prometheus brings fire to mankind as told by Hesiod, with its having been hidden as revenge for the trick at Mecone.
Prometheus, in eternal punishment, is chained to a rock in the Caucasus, Kazbek Mountain, where his liver is eaten daily by an eagle,[9] only to be regenerated by night, due to his immortality. The eagle is a symbol of Zeus Himself. Years later, the Greek hero Heracles (Hercules) slays the eagle and frees Prometheus from his chains.[10]

Hesiod revisits the story of Prometheus in the Works and Days (lines 42–105). Here, the poet expands upon Zeus's reaction to the theft of fire. Not only does Zeus withhold fire from humanity, but "the means of life," as well (42). Had Prometheus not provoked Zeus's wrath (44–47), "you would easily do work enough in a day to supply you for a full year even without working; soon would you put away your rudder over the smoke, and the fields worked by ox and sturdy mule would run to waste." Hesiod also expands upon the Theogony's story of the first woman, now explicitly called Pandora ("all gifts"). After Prometheus' theft of fire, Zeus sent Pandora in retaliation. Despite Prometheus' warning, Epimetheus accepted this "gift" from the gods. Pandora carried a jar with her, from which were released (91–92) "evils, harsh pain and troublesome diseases which give men death".[11] Pandora shut the lid of the jar too late to contain all the evil plights that escaped, but foresight remained in the jar, giving humanity hope.

Angelo Casanova,[12] Professor of Greek Literature at the University of Florence, finds in Prometheus a reflection of an ancient, pre-Hesiodic trickster-figure, who served to account for the mixture of good and bad in human life, and whose fashioning of humanity from clay was an Eastern motif familiar in Enuma Elish; as an opponent of Zeus he was an analogue of the Titans, and like them was punished. As an advocate for humanity he gains semi-divine status at Athens, where the episode in Theogony in which he is liberated[13] is interpreted by Casanova as a post-Hesiodic interpolation.[14]

Homer, the Iliad, and the Homeric Hymns[edit]

The banishment of the warring titans by the Olympians to the chthonic depths of Tartoros was documented as early as Homer's Iliad and the Odyssey where they are also identified as the hypotartarioi, or, the "subterranean." The passages appear in the Iliad (XIV 279)[15] and also in the Homeric hymn to Apollo (335).[16] The particular forms of violence associated especially with the Titans are those of hybristes and atasthalie as further found in the Iliad (XIII 633-34). They are used by Homer to designate an unlimited, violent insolence among the warring Titans which only Zeus was able to ultimately overcome. This text finds direct parallel in Hesiod's reading in the Theogony (209) and in Homer's own Odyssey (XIX 406). In the words of Kerenyi, "Autolykos, the grandfather, is introduced in order that he may give his grandson the name of Odysseus."[17] In a similar fashion, the origin of the naming of the "titans" as a group has been disputed with some voicing a preference for reading it as a combination of titainein (to exert), and, titis (retribution) usually rendered as "retribution meted out to the exertion of the Titans."[18] It should be noted in studying material concerning Prometheus that Prometheus was not directly among the warring Titans with Zeus though Prometheus's association with them by lineage is a recurrent theme in each of his subsequent confrontations with Zeus and with the Olympian gods.

Pindar and the Nemean Odes[edit]

The duality of the gods and of humans standing as polar opposites is also clearly identified in the earliest traditions of Greek mythology and its legends by Pindar. In the sixth Nemean Ode, Pindar states: "There is one/race of men, one race of gods; both have breath/of life from a single mother. But sundered aurora collett us divided, so that one side is nothing, while on the other the brazen sky is established/a sure citadel forever."[19] Although this duality in strikingly apparent in Pindar, it also has paradoxical elements where Pindar actually comes quite close to Hesiod who before him had said in his Works and Days (108) "how the gods and mortal men sprang from one source."[20] The understanding of Prometheus and his role in the creation of humans and the theft of fire for their benefit is therefore distinctly adapted within this distinguishable source for understanding the role of Prometheus within the mythology of the interaction of the Gods with humans.

Pythagoras and the Pythagorean Doctrine[edit]

In order to understand the Prometheus myth in its most general context, the Late Roman author Censorinus states in his book titled De die natali that, "Pythagoras of Samos, Okellos of Lukania, Archytas of Tarentum, and in general all Pythagoreans were the authors and proponents of the opinion that the human race was eternal."[21] By this they held that Prometheus's creation of humans was the creation of humanity for eternity. This Pythagorean view is further confirmed in the book On the Cosmos written by the Pythagorean Okellos of Lukania. Okellos, in his cosmology, further delineates the three realms of the cosmos as all contained within an overarching order called the diakosmesis which is also the world order kosmos, and which also must be eternal. The three realms were delineated by Okellos as having "two poles, man on earth, the gods in heaven. Merely for the sake of symmetry, as it were, the daemons --not evil spirits but beings intermediate between God and man -- occupy a middle position in the air, the realm between heaven and earth. They were not a product of Greek mythology, but of the belief in daemons that had sprung up in various parts of the Mediterranean world and the Near East."[22]

The Athenian Tradition of Prometheus: Aeschylus and Plato[edit]

The two major authors to have a distinctive influence on the development of the myths and legends surrounding the titan Prometheus during the Socratic era of greater Athens were Aeschylus and Plato. The two men wrote in highly distinctive forms of expression which for Aeschylus centered on his mastery of the literary form of Greek tragedy, while for Plato this centered on the philosophical expression of his thought in the form of the various dialogues he had written and recorded during his lifetime.

Aeschylus and the Ancient Literary Aesthetics of Prometheus[edit]

Prometheus Bound, perhaps the most famous treatment of the myth to be found among the Greek tragedies, is traditionally attributed to the 5th-century BC Greek tragedian Aeschylus.[23] At the center of the drama are the results of Prometheus' theft of fire and his current punishment by Zeus; the playwright's dependence on the Hesiodic source material is clear, though Prometheus Bound also includes a number of changes to the received tradition.[24]

Before his theft of fire, Prometheus played a decisive role in the Titanomachy, securing victory for Zeus and the other Olympians. Zeus's torture of Prometheus thus becomes a particularly harsh betrayal. The scope and character of Prometheus' transgressions against Zeus are also widened. In addition to giving humankind fire, Prometheus claims to have taught them the arts of civilization, such as writing, mathematics, agriculture, medicine, and science. The Titan's greatest benefaction for humankind seems to have been saving them from complete destruction. In an apparent twist on the myth of the so-called Five Ages of Man found in Hesiod's Works and Days (wherein Cronus and, later, Zeus created and destroyed five successive races of humanity), Prometheus asserts that Zeus had wanted to obliterate the human race, but that he somehow stopped him.

Heracles freeing Prometheus from his torment by the eagle (Attic black-figure cup, c. 500 BC)
Moreover, Aeschylus anachronistically and artificially injects Io, another victim of Zeus's violence and ancestor of Heracles, into Prometheus' story. Finally, just as Aeschylus gave Prometheus a key role in bringing Zeus to power, he also attributed to him secret knowledge that could lead to Zeus's downfall: Prometheus had been told by his mother Gaia of a potential marriage that would produce a son who would overthrow Zeus. Fragmentary evidence indicates that Heracles, as in Hesiod, frees the Titan in the trilogy's second play, Prometheus Unbound. It is apparently not until Prometheus reveals this secret of Zeus's potential downfall that the two reconcile in the final play, Prometheus the Fire-Bringer or Prometheus Pyrphoros, a lost tragedy by Aeschylus.

Prometheus Bound also includes two mythic innovations of omission. The first is the absence of Pandora's story in connection with Prometheus' own. Instead, Aeschylus includes this one oblique allusion to Pandora and her jar that contained Hope (252): "[Prometheus] caused blind hopes to live in the hearts of men." Second, Aeschylus makes no mention of the sacrifice-trick played against Zeus in the Theogony.[23] The four tragedies of Prometheus attributed to Aeschylus, most of which are sadly lost to the passages of time into antiquity, are Prometheus Bound (Desmotes), Prometheus Delivered (Lyomens), Prometheus the Fire Bringer (Pyrphoros), and Prometheus the Fire Kindler (Pyrkaeus).

The larger scope of Aeschylus as a dramatist revisiting the myth of Prometheus in the age of Athenian prominence has been discussed by William Lynch.[25] Lynch's general thesis concerns the rise of humanist and secular tendencies in Athenian culture and society which required the growth and expansion of the mythological and religious tradition as acquired from the most ancient sources of the myth stemming from Hesiod. For Lynch, modern scholarship is hampered by not having the full trilogy of Prometheus by Aeschylus, the last two parts of which have been lost to antiquity. Significantly, Lynch further comments that although the Prometheus trilogy is not available, that the Orestia trilogy by Aeschylus remains available and may be assumed to provide significant insight into the overall structural intentions which may be ascribed to the Prometheus trilogy by Aeschylus as an author of significant consistency and exemplary dramatic erudition.[26]

Harold Bloom, in his research guide for Aeschylus, has summarized some of the critical attention that has been applied to Aeschylus concerning his general philosophical import in Athens.[27] As Bloom states, "Much critical attention has been paid to the question of theodicy in Aeschylus. For generations, scholars warred incessantly over 'the justice of Zeus,' unintentionally blurring it with a monotheism imported from Judeo-Christian thought. The playwright undoubtedly had religious concerns; for instance, Jacqueline de Romilly[28] suggests that his treatment of time flows directly out of his belief in divine justice. But it would be an error to think of Aeschylus as sermonizing. His Zeus does not arrive at decisions which he then enacts in the mortal world; rather, human events are themselves an enactment of divine will."[29]

According to Thomas Rosenmeyer regarding the religious import of Aeschylus, "In Aeschylus, as in Homer, the two levels of causation, the supernatural and the human, are co-existent and simultaneous, two way of describing the same event." Rosenmeyer insists that ascribing portrayed characters in Aeschylus should not conclude them to be either victims or agents of theological or religious activity too quickly. As Rosenmeyer states: "[T]he text defines their being. For a critic to construct an Aeschylean theology would be as quixotic as designing a typology of Aeschylean man. The needs of the drama prevail."[30]

In a rare comparison of Prometheus in Aeschylus with Oedipus in Sophocles, Harold Bloom with more than simple irony has quoted Freud as stating that, "Freud called Oedipus an 'immoral play,' since the gods ordained incest and paracide. Oedipus therefore participates in our universal unconscious sense of guilt, but on this reading so do the gods. I (states Bloom) sometimes wish that Freud had turned to Aeschylus instead, and given us the Prometheus complex rather than the Oedipus complex."[31]

Plato and the Philosophical Interpretation of Prometheus[edit]

Olga Raggio in her study "The Myth of Prometheus" for the Courtauld Institute attributes Plato in the Protagoras as an important contributor to the early development of the Prometheus myth.[32] Raggio indicates that many of the more challenging and dramatic assertions which Aeschylean tragedy explores are absent from Plato's writings about Prometheus.[33] As summarized by Raggio, "After the gods have moulded men and other living creatures with a mixture of clay and fire, the two brothers Epimetheus and Prometheus are called to complete the task and distribute among the newly born creatures all sorts of natural qualities. Epimetheus sets to work, but, being unwise, distributes all the gifts of nature among the animals, leaving men naked and unprotected, unable to defend themselves and to survive in a hostile world. Prometheus then steals the fire of creative power from the workshop of Athena and Hephaistos and gives it to mankind." Raggio then goes on to point out Plato's distinction of creative power (techne) which is presented as superior to merely natural instincts (physis). For Plato, only the virtues of "reverence and justice can provide for the maintenance of a civilized society -- and these virtues are the highest gift finally bestowed on men in equal measure."[34] The ancients by way of Plato believed that the name Prometheus derived from the Greek pro (before) + manthano (intelligence) and the agent suffix -eus, thus meaning "Forethinker". In his dialogue titled Protagoras, Plato contrasts Prometheus with his dull-witted brother Epimetheus, "Afterthinker".[35] In Plato's dialogue Protagoras, Protagoras asserts that the gods created humans and all the other animals, but it was left to Prometheus and his brother Epimetheus to give defining attributes to each. As no physical traits were left when the pair came to humans, Prometheus decided to give them fire and other civilizing arts.[36]

The Athenian tradition of religious dedication and observance[edit]

It is understandable that since Prometheus was considered a Titan and not one of the Olympian gods that there would be an absence of evidence, with the exception of Athens, for the direct religious devotion to his worship. Despite his importance to the myths and imaginative literature of ancient Greece, the religious cult of Prometheus during the Archaic and Classical periods seems to have been limited.[37] Writing in the 2nd century AD, the satirist Lucian points out that while temples to the major Olympians were everywhere, none to Prometheus is to be seen.[38]

Heracles freeing Prometheus, relief from the Temple of Aphrodite at Aphrodisias
Athens was the exception. The altar of Prometheus in the grove of the Academy was the point of origin for several significant processions and other events regularly observed on the Athenian calendar. For the Panathenaic festival, arguably the most important civic festival at Athens, a torch race began at the altar, which was located outside the sacred boundary of the city, and passed through the Kerameikos, the district inhabited by potters and other artisans who regarded Prometheus and Hephaestus as patrons.[39] The race then traveled to the heart of the city, where it kindled the sacrificial fire on the altar of Athena on the Acropolis to conclude the festival.[40] These footraces took the form of relays in which teams of runners passed off a flaming torch. According to Pausanias (2nd century AD), the torch relay, called lampadedromia or lampadephoria, was first instituted at Athens in honor of Prometheus.[41] By the Classical period, the races were run by ephebes also in honor of Hephaestus and Athena.[42] Prometheus' association with fire is the key to his religious significance[37] and to the alignment with Athena and Hephaestus that was specific to Athens and its "unique degree of cultic emphasis" on honoring technology.[43] The festival of Prometheus was the Prometheia. The wreaths worn symbolized the chains of Prometheus.[44]

Pausanias recorded a few other religious sites in Greece devoted to Prometheus. Both Argos and Opous claimed to be Prometheus' final resting place, each erecting a tomb in his honor. The Greek city of Panopeus had a cult statue that was supposed to honor Prometheus for having created the human race there.[36]

The Aesthetic tradition of Prometheus in Athenian art[edit]

Prometheus' torment by the eagle and his rescue by Heracles were popular subjects in vase paintings of the 6th to 4th centuries BC. He also sometimes appears in depictions of Athena's birth from Zeus' forehead. There was a relief sculpture of Prometheus with Pandora on the base of Athena's cult statue in the Athenian Parthenon of the 5th century BC. A similar rendering is also found at the great altar of Zeus at Pergamon from the second century BC.

The event of the release of Prometheus from captivity was frequently revisited on Attic and Etruscan vases between the sixth and fifth centuries BC. In the depiction on display at the Museum of Karlsruhe and in Berlin, the depiction is that of Prometheus confronted by a menacing large bird (assumed to be the eagle) with Hercules approaching from behind shooting his arrows at it.[45] In the fourth century this imagery was modified to depicting Prometheus bound in a cruciform manner, possibly reflecting an Aeschylus inspired manner of influence, again with an eagle and with Hercules approaching from the side.[46]

Other authors

Creation of humanity by Prometheus as Athena looks on (Roman-era relief, 3rd century AD)

Prometheus watches Athena endow his creation with reason (painting by Christian Griepenkerl, 1877)

Some two dozen other Greek and Roman authors retold and further embellished the Prometheus myth from as early as the 5th century BC (Diodorus, Herodorus) into the 4th century AD. The most significant detail added to the myth found in, e.g., Sappho, Aesop and Ovid[47] — was the central role of Prometheus in the creation of the human race. According to these sources, Prometheus fashioned humans out of clay.

Although perhaps made explicit in the Prometheia, later authors such as Hyginus, the Bibliotheca, and Quintus of Smyrna would confirm that Prometheus warned Zeus not to marry the sea nymph Thetis. She is consequently married off to the mortal Peleus, and bears him a son greater than the father — Achilles, Greek hero of the Trojan War. Pseudo-Apollodorus moreover clarifies a cryptic statement (1026–29) made by Hermes in Prometheus Bound, identifying the centaur Chiron as the one who would take on Prometheus' suffering and die in his place.[36] Reflecting a myth attested in Greek vase paintings from the Classical period, Pseudo-Apollodorus places the Titan (armed with an axe) at the birth of Athena, thus explaining how the goddess sprang forth from the forehead of Zeus.[36]

Other minor details attached to the myth include: the duration of Prometheus' torment;[48][49] the origin of the eagle that ate the Titan's liver (found in Pseudo-Apollodorus and Hyginus); Pandora's marriage to Epimetheus (found in Pseudo-Apollodorus); myths surrounding the life of Prometheus' son, Deucalion (found in Ovid and Apollonius of Rhodes); and Prometheus' marginal role in the myth of Jason and the Argonauts (found in Apollonius of Rhodes and Valerius Flaccus).[36]

Modern scientific linguistics suggests that the name derived from the Proto-Indo-European root that also produces the Vedic pra math, "to steal," hence pramathyu-s, "thief", cognate with "Prometheus", the thief of fire. The Vedic myth of fire's theft by Mātariśvan is an analog to the Greek account. Pramantha was the tool used to create fire.[50]

Religious symbolism in late Roman antiquity[edit]

The three most prominent aspects of the Prometheus myth have parallels within the beliefs of many cultures throughout the world; see creation of man from clay, theft of fire, and references for eternal punishment. It is the first of these three which has drawn attention to parallels with the biblical creation account related in the religious symbolism expressed in the book of Genesis.

As stated by Olga Raggio,[51] "The Prometheus myth of creation as a visual symbol of the Neoplatonic concept of human nature, illustrated in (many) sarcophagi, was evidently a contradiction of the Christian teaching of the unique and simultaneous act of creation by the Trinity." This Neoplatonism of late Roman antiquity was especially stressed by Tertullian[52] who recognized both difference and similarity of the biblical deity with the mythological figure of Prometheus.

The imagery of Prometheus and the creation of man used for the purposes of the representation of the creation of Adam in biblical symbolism is also a recurrent theme in the artistic expression of late Roman antiquity. Of the relatively rare expressions found of the creation of Adam in those centuries of late Roman antiquity, one can single out the so-called "Dogma sarcophagus" of the Lateran Museum where three figures are seen (in representation of the theological trinity) in making a benediction to the new man. Another example is found where the prototype of Prometheus is also recognizable in the early Christian era of late Roman antiquity. This can be found upon a sarcophagus of the Church at Mas d'Aire[53] as well, and in an even more direct comparison to what Raggio refers to as "a coursely carved relief from Campli (Teramo)[54] (where) the Lord sits on a throne and models the body of Adam, exactly like Prometheus." Still another such similarity is found in the example found on a Hellenistic relief presently in the Louvre in which the Lord gives life to Eve through the imposition of his two fingers on her eyes recalling the same gesture found in earlier representations of Prometheus.[55]

In Georgian mythology, Amirani is a culture hero who challenged the chief god, and like Prometheus was chained on the Caucasian mountains where birds would eat his organs. This aspect of the myth had a significant influence on the Greek imagination. It is recognizable from a Greek gem roughly dated to the time of the Hesiod poems, which show Prometheus with hands bound behind his body and crouching before a bird with long wings.[56] This same image would also be used later in the Rome of the Augustan age as documented by Furtwangler.[57]

In the often cited and highly publicized interview between Joseph Campbell and Bill Moyers on Public Television, the author of The Hero with a Thousand Faces presented his view on the comparison of Prometheus and Jesus.[58] Moyers asked Campbell the question in the following words, "In this sense, unlike heroes such as Prometheus or Jesus, we're not going on our journey to save the world but to save ourselves." To which Campbell's well-known response was that, "But in doing that, you save the world. The influence of a vital person vitalizes, there's no doubt about it. The world without spirit is a wasteland. People have the notion of saving the world by shifting things around, changing the rules [...] No, no! Any world is a valid world if it's alive. The thing to do is to bring life to it, and the only way to do that is to find in your own case where the life is and become alive yourself." For Campbell, Jesus mortally suffered on the Cross while Prometheus eternally suffered while chained to a rock, and each of them received punishment for the gift which they bestowed to humankind, for Jesus this was the gift of propitiation from Heaven, and, for Prometheus this was the gift of fire from Olympus.[58]

Significantly, Campbell is also clear to indicate the limits of applying the metaphors of his methodology in his book The Hero with a Thousand Faces too closely in assessing the comparison of Prometheus and Jesus. Of the four symbols of suffering associated with Jesus after his trial in Jerusalem (i) the crown of thorns, (ii) the scourge of whips, (iii) the nailing to the Cross, and (iv) the spearing of his side, it is only this last one which bears some resemblance to the eternal suffering of Prometheus' daily torment of an eagle devouring a replenishing organ, his liver, from his side.[59] For Campbell, the striking contrast between the New Testament narratives and the Greek mythological narratives remains at the limiting level of the cataclysmic eternal struggle of the eschatological New Testament narratives occurring only at the very end of the biblical narratives in the Apocalypse of John (12:7) where, "Michael and his angels fought against the dragon. The dragon and his angels fought back, but they were defeated, and there was no longer any place for them in heaven." This eschatological and apocalyptic setting of a Last Judgement is in precise contrast to the Titanomachia of Hesiod which serves its distinct service to Greek mythology as its Prolegomenon, bracketing all subsequent mythology, including the creation of humanity, as coming after the cosmological struggle between the Titans and the Olympian gods.[58]

It remains a continuing debate among scholars of comparative religion and the literary reception[60] of mythological and religious subject matter as to whether the typology of suffering and torment represented in the Prometheus myth finds its more representative comparisons with the narratives of the Hebrew scriptures or with the New Testament narratives. In the Book of Job, significant comparisons can be drawn between the sustained suffering of Job in comparison to that of eternal suffering and torment represented in the Prometheus myth. With Job, the suffering is at the acquiescence of heaven and at the will of the demonic, while in Prometheus the suffering is directly linked to Zeus as the ruler of Olympus. The comparison of the suffering of Jesus after his sentencing in Jerusalem is limited to the three days, from Thursday to Saturday, and leading to the culminating narratives corresponding to Easter Sunday. The symbolic import for comparative religion would maintain that suffering related to justified conduct is redeemed in both the Hebrew scriptures and the New Testament narratives, while in Prometheus there remains the image of a non-forgiving deity, Zeus, who nonetheless requires reverence.[58]

Writing in late antiquity of the fourth and fifth century, the Latin commentator Marcus Servius Honoratus explained that Prometheus was so named because he was a man of great foresight (vir prudentissimus), possessing the abstract quality of providentia, the Latin equivalent of Greek promētheia (ἀπὸ τής πρόμηθείας).[61] Anecdotally, the Roman fabulist Phaedrus (c.15BC - c.50AD) attributes to Aesop a simple etiology for homosexuality, in Prometheus' getting drunk while creating the first humans and misapplying the genitalia.[62]

The allegorical tradition of the Middle Ages[edit]

Perhaps the most influential book of the Middle Ages upon the reception of the Prometheus myth was the mythological handbook of Fulgentius Placiades. As stated by Raggio,[63] "The text of Fulgentius, as well as that of (Marcus) Servius [...] are the main sources of the mythological handbooks written in the ninth century by the anonymous Mythographus Primus and Mythographus Secundus. Both were used for the more lengthy and elaborate compendium by the English scholar Alexander Neckman (1157-1217), the Scintillarium Poetarum, or Poetarius."[63] The purpose of his books was to distinguish allegorical interpretation from the historical interpretation of the Prometheus myth. Continuing in this same tradition of the allegorical interpretation of the Prometheus myth, along with the historical interpretation of the Middle Ages, is the Genealogiae of Giovanni Boccaccio. Boccaccio follows these two levels of interpretation and distinguishes between two separate versions of the Prometheus myth. For Boccaccio, Prometheus is placed "In the heavens where all is clarity and truth, [Prometheus] steals, so to speak, a ray of the divine wisdom from God himself, source of all Science, supreme Light of every man."[64] With this, Boccaccio shows himself moving from the mediaeval sources with a shift of accent towards the attitude of the Renaissance humanists.

Using a similar interpretation to that of Boccaccio, Marsilio Ficino in the fifteenth century updated the philosophical and more somber reception of the Prometheus myth not seen since the time of Plotinus. In his book written in 1476-77 titled Quaestiones Quinque de Mente, Ficino indicates his preference for reading the Prometheus myth as an image of the human soul seeking to obtain supreme truth. As Olga Raggio summarizes Ficino's text, "The torture of Prometheus is the torment brought by reason itself to man, who is made by it many times more unhappy than the brutes. It is after having stolen one beam of the celestial light [...] that the soul feels as if fastened by chains and [...] only death can release her bonds and carry her to the source of all knowledge."[64] This somberness of attitude in Ficino's text would be further developed later by Charles de Bouelles' Liber de Sapiente of 1509 which presented a mix of both scholastic and Neoplatonic ideas.

Prometheus in the Renaissance[edit]

After the writings of both Boccaccio and Ficino in the late Middle Ages about Prometheus, interest in the titan shifted considerably in the direction of becoming subject matter for painters and sculptors alike. Among the most famous examples is that of Piero di Cosimo from about 1510 presently on display at the museums of Munich and Strasburg (see Inset). Raggio summarizes the Munich version[65] as follows; "The Munich panel represents the dispute between Epimetheus and Prometheus, the handsome triumphant statue of the new man, modeled by Prometheus, his ascension to the sky under the guidance of Minerva; the Strasburg panel shows in the distance Prometheus lighting his torch at the wheels of the Sun, and in the foreground on one side, Prometheus applying his torch to the heart of the statue and , on the other, Mercury fastening him to a tree." All the details are evidently borrowed from Boccaccio's Genealogiae.

The same reference to the Genealogiae can be cited as the source for the drawing by Parmigianino presently located in the Pierpont Morgan Library in New York City.[66] In this drawing, a very noble rendering of Prometheus is presented which evokes the memory of Michelangelo's works portraying Jehovah. This drawing in the Morgan Library is perhaps one of the most intense examples of the visualization of the myth of Prometheus from the Renaissance period.

Writing in the late British Renaissance, William Shakespeare uses the Promethean allusion in the famous death scene of Desdemona in his tragedy of Othello. Othello in contemplating the death of Desdemona asserts plainly that he cannot restore the "Promethean heat" to her body once it has been extinguished. For Shakespeare, the allusion is clearly to the interpretation of the fire from the heat as the bestowing of life to the creation of man from clay by Prometheus after it was stolen from Olympus. The analogy bears direct resemblance to the biblical narrative of the creation of life in Adam through the bestowed breathing of the creator in Genesis. Shakespeare's symbolic reference to the "heat" associated with Prometheus's fire is to the association of the gift of fire to the mythological gift or theological gift of life to humans.

The Post-Renaissance tradition[edit]

Mythological narrative of Prometheus by Piero di Cosimo (1515)
See also: Prometheus in popular culture

The myth of Prometheus has been a favorite theme of Western art and literature in the post-renaissance and post-Enlightenment tradition, and occasionally in works produced outside the West.

The literary Post-Renaissance tradition[edit]

For the Romantic era, Prometheus was the rebel who resisted all forms of institutional tyranny epitomized by Zeus — church, monarch, and patriarch. The Romantics drew comparisons between Prometheus and the spirit of the French Revolution, Christ, the Satan of John Milton's Paradise Lost, and the divinely inspired poet or artist. Prometheus is the lyrical "I" who speaks in Goethe's Sturm und Drang poem "Prometheus" (written c. 1772–74, published 1789), addressing God (as Zeus) in misotheist accusation and defiance. In Prometheus Unbound (1820), a four-act lyrical drama, Percy Bysshe Shelley rewrites the lost play of Aeschylus so that Prometheus does not submit to Zeus (under the Latin name Jupiter), but instead supplants him in a triumph of the human heart and intellect over tyrannical religion. Lord Byron's poem "Prometheus" also portrays the Titan as unrepentant. As documented by Olga Raggio, other leading figures among the great Romantics included Byron, Longfellow and Nietzsche as well.[67] Mary Shelley's 1818 novel Frankenstein is subtitled "The Modern Prometheus", in reference to the novel's themes of the over-reaching of modern humanity into dangerous areas of knowledge.

Goethe and the Prometheus-Ganymede poems[edit]

"Prometheus" is a poem by Johann Wolfgang von Goethe, in which a character based on the mythic Prometheus addresses God (as Zeus) in a romantic and misotheist tone of accusation and defiance. The poem was written between 1772 and 1774. It was first published fifteen years later in 1789. It is an important work as it represents one of the first encounters of the Prometheus myth with the literary Romantic movement identified with Goethe and with the Sturm und Drang movement.

The poem has appeared in Volume II of Goethe's poems (in his Collected Works) in a section of Vermischte Gedichte (assorted poems), shortly following the Harzreise im Winter. It is immediately followed by "Ganymed", and the two poems are written as informing each other according to Goethe's plan in their actual writing. Prometheus (1774) was originally planned as a drama but never completed by Goethe, though the poem is inspired by it. Prometheus is the creative and rebellious spirit rejected by God, and who angrily defies him and asserts himself; Ganymede, by direct contrast, is the boyish self who is both adored and seduced by God. As a high Romantic poet and a humanist poet, Goethe presents both identities as contrasting aspects of the Romantic human condition.

"Prometheus"

The poem offers direct biblical connotations for the Prometheus myth which was unseen in any of the ancient Greek poets dealing with the Prometheus myth in either drama, tragedy, or philosophy. The intentional use of the German phrase "Da ich ein Kind war..." ("When I was a child"): the use of Da is distinctive, and with it Goethe directly applies the Lutheran translation of Saint Paul's First Epistle to the Corinthians, 13:11: "Da ich ein Kind war, da redete ich wie ein Kind..." ("When I was a child, I spake as a child, I understood as a child, I thought as a child: but when I became a man, I put away childish things"). Goethe's Prometheus is significant for the contrast it evokes with the biblical text of the Corinthians rather than for its similarities.

In his book titled Prometheus: Archetypal Image of Human Existence, C. Kerenyi states the key contrast between Goethe's version of Prometheus with the ancient Greek version.[68] As Kerenyi states, "Goethe's Prometheus had Zeus for father and a goddess for mother. With this change from the traditional lineage the poet distinguished his hero from the race of the Titans." For Goethe, the metaphorical comparison of Prometheus to the image of the Son from the New Testament narratives was of central importance, with the figure of Zeus in Goethe's reading being metaphorically matched directly to the image of the Father from the New Testament narratives.

Percy Bysshe Shelley and Prometheus Unbound[edit]

Percy Shelley published his four-act lyrical drama titled Prometheus Unbound in 1820. His version was written in response to the version of myth as presented by Aeschylus (described in the Section above) and is oriented to the high British Idealism and high British Romanticism prevailing in Shelley's own time. Shelley, as the author himself discusses, admits the debt of his version of the myth to Aeschylus and the Greek poetic tradition which he assumes is familiar to readers of his own lyrical drama. For example, it is necessary to understand and have knowledge of the reason for Prometheus's punishment if the reader is to form an understanding of whether the exoneration portrayed by Shelley in his version of the Prometheus myth is justified or unjustified. The quote of Shelley's own words describing the extent of his indebtedness to Aeschylus has been published in numerous sources publicly available.

The literary critic Harold Bloom in his book Shelley's Mythmaking expresses his high expectation of Shelley in the tradition of mythopoeic poetry. For Bloom, Percy Shelley's relationship to the tradition of mythology in poetry "culminates in 'Prometheus'; the poem provides a complete statement of Shelley's vision."[69] Bloom devotes two full chapters in this book to Shelley's lyrical drama Prometheus Unbound which was among the first books Bloom had ever written, originally published in 1959.[70] Following his 1959 book, Bloom edited an anthology of critical opinions on Shelley for Chelsea House Publishers where he concisely stated his opinion as, "Shelley is the unacknowledged ancestor of Wallace Stevens' conception of poetry as the Supreme Fiction, and Prometheus Unbound is the most capable imagining, outside of Blake and Wordsworth, that the Romantic quest for a Supreme Fiction has achieved."[71]

Within the pages of his Introduction to the Chelsea House edition on Percy Shelley, Harold Bloom also identifies the six major schools of criticism opposing Shelley's idealized mythologizing version of the Prometheus myth. In sequence, the opposing schools to Shelley are given as: (i) The school of "common sense", (ii) The Christian orthodox, (iii) The school of "wit", (iv) Moralists, of most varieties, (v) The school of "classic" form, and (vi) The Precisionists, or concretists.[72] Although Bloom is least interested in the first two schools, the second one on the Christian orthodox has special bearing on the reception of the Prometheus myth during late Roman antiquity and the synthesis of the New Testament canon. The Greek origins of the Prometheus myth have already discussed the Titanomachia as placing the cosmic struggle of Olympus at some point in time preceding the creation of humanity, while in the New Testament synthesis there was a strong assimilation of the prophetic tradition of the Hebrew prophets and their strongly eschatological orientation. This contrast placed a strong emphasis within the ancient Greek consciousness as to the moral and ontological acceptance of the mythology of the Titanomachia as an accomplished mythological history, whereas for the synthesis of the New Testament narratives this placed religious consciousness within the community at the level of an anticipated eschaton not yet accomplished. Neither of these would guide Percy Shelley in his poetic retelling and reintegration of the Prometheus myth.[73]

To the Socratic Greeks, one important aspect of the discussion of religion would correspond to the philosophical discussion of 'becoming' with respect to the New Testament syncretism rather than the ontological discussion of 'being' which was more prominent in the ancient Greek experience of mythologically oriented cult and religion.[74] For Percy Shelley, both of these reading were to be substantially discounted in preference to his own concerns for promoting his own version of an idealized consciousness of a society guided by the precepts of High British Romanticism and High British Idealism.[75]

Mary Shelley and Frankenstein: The Modern Prometheus[edit]

The author of Frankenstein: The Modern Prometheus, Mary Shelley, wrote the famous version of her short novel in the 19th century. It has endured as one of the most frequently revisited literary themes in twentieth century film and popular reception with few rivals for its sheer popularity among even established literary works of art. The primary theme is a parallel to the aspect of the Prometheus myth which concentrates on the creation of man by the titans, transferred and made contemporary by Shelley for British audiences of her time. The subject is that of the creation of life by a scientist, thus bestowing life through the application and technology of medical science rather than by the natural acts of reproduction. The short novel has been adapted into many films and productions ranging from the early versions with Boris Karloff to much later versions featuring Kenneth Branagh among others.

Prometheus in the Twentieth Century[edit]

Prometheus (1909) by Otto Greiner
Franz Kafka (d. 1924) wrote a short piece on Prometheus, outlining what he saw as his perspective on four aspects of his myth:

According to the first, he was clamped to a rock in the Caucasus for betraying the secrets of the gods to men, and the gods sent eagles to feed on his liver, which was perpetually renewed.
According to the second, Prometheus, goaded by the pain of the tearing beaks, pressed himself deeper and deeper into the rock until he became one with it.
According to the third, his treachery was forgotten in the course of thousands of years, forgotten by the gods, the eagles, forgotten by himself.
According to the fourth, everyone grew weary of the meaningless affair. The gods grew weary, the eagles grew weary, the wound closed wearily.
There remains the inexplicable mass of rock. The legend tried to explain the inexplicable. As it came out of a substratum of truth it had in turn to end in the inexplicable.[76]

This short piece by Kafka concerning his interest in Prometheus was supplemented by two other mythological pieces written by him. As stated by Reiner Stach, "Kafka's world was mythical in nature, with Old Testament and Jewish legends providing the templates, and it was only logical (even if Kafka did not state it openly) that he would try his hand at the canon of antiquity, reinterpreting it and incorporating it into his own imagination in the form of allusions, as in 'The Silence of the Sirens,' 'Prometheus,' and 'Poseidon.'"[77] Among contemporary poets, the British poet Ted Hughes wrote the a 1973 collection of poems titled Prometheus On His Crag. The Nepali poet Laxmi Prasad Devkota (d. 1949) also wrote an epic titled Prometheus (प्रमीथस).

In his 1952 book, Lucifer and Prometheus, Zvi Werblowsky presented the speculatively derived Jungian construction of the character of Satan in Milton's celebrated poem Paradise Lost. Werblowsky applied his own Jungian style of interpretation to appropriate parts of the Prometheus myth for the purpose of interpreting Milton. A reprint of his book in the 1990s by Routledge Press included an introduction to the book by Carl Jung. Some Gnostics have been associated with identifying the theft of fire from heaven as embodied by the fall of Lucifer "the Light Bearer".[78]

The artificial element Promethium was named with the myth in mind.

The aesthetic Post-Renaissance tradition[edit]

Classical music, opera, and ballet[edit]

Works of classical music, opera, and ballet directly or indirectly inspired by the myth of Prometheus have included renderings by some of the major composers of both the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. In this tradition, the orchestral representation of the myth has received the most sustained attention of composers. These have included the symphonic poem by Franz Liszt titled Prometheus from 1850, among his other Symphonic Poems (No. 5, S.99).[79] Alexander Scriabin composed Prometheus: Poem of Fire, Opus 60 (1910),[80] also for orchestra.[81] In the same year Gabriel Fauré composed his three-act opera Prométhée (1910).[82] Charles-Valentin Alkan composed his Grande sonate 'Les quatre âges' (1847), with the 4th movement entitled "Prométhée enchaîné" (Prometheus Bound).[83] Beethoven composed the score to a ballet version of the myth titled The Creatures of Prometheus (1801).[84]

An adaptation of Goethe's poetic version of the myth was composed by Hugo Wolf, Prometheus (Bedecke deinen Himmel, Zeus, 1889), as part of his Goethe-lieder for voice and piano,[85] later transcribed for orchestra and voice.[86] An opera of the myth was composed by Carl Orff titled Prometheus (1968),[87][88] using Aeschylus' Greek language Prometheia.[89]

In film[edit]

The recent 2012 science fiction fantasy film titled Prometheus by Ridley Scott has a resemblance to the myth largely through a coincidence of name.[90] Of the three principal mythological themes associated with the myth of the titan Prometheus, that is, the eternal punishment, the theft of fire, and the creation of man, it is with this latter theme that the film seems to be at least partially concerned. In the science fiction film, one of the wealthy lead characters in the future spends vast sums of money in order to locate the extraterrestrials who he believes were responsible for the creation of man. His hope is that if he finds his 'creators,' they will be able somehow to extend his life. In this belief he is straightforwardly disappointed.

Benji Taylor writing in an extensive three-part essay on the science fiction film titled Prometheus, published between 22 June 2012 and 17 July 2012, identified the eight key themes in understanding the film as including: "Aliens Seeded Life On Earth," "Insignificance and Futility," "Interwoven Notions of Creation and Destruction," "Parental Issues," "The Nature of the Soul," "Existential Loss," and "Science and Religion."[91][92][93] Of these themes covered in the film, Taylor identifies that only the theme of "Parental Issues" appears to have a general reference point to the myth of Prometheus stating that in the "mythology between the titan Prometheus and the chief Olympian Zeus but on a more global level it's an echo of the tribulation embodied in the Titanomachy -- the archetypal war between parent and child which was the great 'War of the Titans and Olympians' that shook the Greek mythological world to its core."[94]

 


The Prometheus myth first appeared in the late 8th-century BC Greek epic poet Hesiod's Theogony (lines 507–616).
He was a son of the Titan Iapetus by Clymene, one of the Oceanids. He was brother to Menoetius, Atlas, and Epimetheus.

 

PROMETHEUS MET ORPHEUS MET PROMETHEUS

 

-
PROMETHEUS
-
-
-
3
MET
38
11
2
7
ORPHEUS
102
48
3
10
PROMETHEUS
140
59
5
1+0
-
1+4+0
5+9
-
1
PROMETHEUS
5
14
5
-
-
-
1+4
-
1
PROMETHEUS
5
5
5

 

ORPHEUS MET PROMETHEUS MET ORPHEUS MET PROMETHEUS

 

-
PROMETHEUS
-
-
-
3
MET
38
11
2
7
ORPHEUS
102
48
3
10
PROMETHEUS
140
59
5
1+0
-
1+4+0
5+9
-
1
PROMETHEUS
5
14
5
-
-
-
1+4
-
1
PROMETHEUS
5
5
5

 

LIGHT DARK BALANCING TWILIGHT BALANCING DARK LIGHT

DARK LIGHT BALANCING TWILIGHT BALANCING LIGHT DARK

 

1
I
9
9
9
4
THAT
49
13
4
2
AM
14
14
5
3
THE
33
15
6
5
LIGHT
56
29
2
7
BRINGER
73
46
1
22
Add to Reduce
234
126
27
2+2
Reduce to Deduce
2+3+4
1+2+6
2+7
4
Essence of Number
9
9
9

 

THE

BALANCING

I 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1

I 2 3 4 FIVE 6 7 8 9 9 8 7 6 FIVE 4 3 2 1

I 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1

 

-
PROMETHEUS
-
-
-
1
P
16
7
7
1
R
18
9
9
1
O
15
6
6
1
M
13
4
4
1
E
5
5
5
1
T
20
2
2
1
H
8
8
8
1
E
5
5
5
1
U
21
3
3
1
S
19
10
1
10
PROMETHEUS
140
59
50
1+0
-
1+4+0
5+9
5+0
1
PROMETHEUS
5
14
5
-
-
-
1+4
-
1
PROMETHEUS
5
5
5

 

 

-
-
-
-
-
PROMETHEUS
-
-
-
-
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
P
=
7
-
1
P
16
7
7
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
7
-
-
R
=
9
-
1
R
18
9
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
O
=
6
-
1
O
15
6
6
-
-
-
-
-
-
6
-
-
-
M
=
4
-
1
M
13
4
4
-
-
-
-
4
-
-
-
-
-
E
=
5
-
1
E
5
5
5
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
-
T
=
2
-
1
T
20
2
2
-
-
2
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
H
=
8
-
1
H
8
8
8
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
-
E
=
5
-
1
E
5
5
5
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
-
U
=
3
-
1
U
21
3
3
-
-
-
3
-
-
-
-
-
-
S
=
1
-
1
S
19
10
1
-
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
50

-

10
PROMETHEUS
140
59
50
-
1
2
3
4
10
6
7
8
9
-
-
5+0
-
1+0
-
1+4+0
5+9
5+0
-
-
-
-
-
1+0
-
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
1
PROMETHEUS
5
14
5
-
1
2
3
4
1
6
7
8
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1+4
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
1
PROMETHEUS
5
5
5
-
1
2
3
4
1
6
7
8
9

 

 

-
-
-
-
-
PROMETHEUS
-
-
-
-
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
S
=
1
-
1
S
19
10
1
-
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
T
=
2
-
1
T
20
2
2
-
-
2
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
U
=
3
-
1
U
21
3
3
-
-
-
3
-
-
-
-
-
-
M
=
4
-
1
M
13
4
4
-
-
-
-
4
-
-
-
-
-
E
=
5
-
1
E
5
5
5
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
-
E
=
5
-
1
E
5
5
5
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
-
O
=
6
-
1
O
15
6
6
-
-
-
-
-
-
6
-
-
-
P
=
7
-
1
P
16
7
7
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
7
-
-
H
=
8
-
1
H
8
8
8
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
-
R
=
9
-
1
R
18
9
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
-
-
50

-

10
PROMETHEUS
140
59
50
-
1
2
3
4
10
6
7
8
9
-
-
5+0
-
1+0
-
1+4+0
5+9
5+0
-
-
-
-
-
1+0
-
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
1
PROMETHEUS
5
14
5
-
1
2
3
4
1
6
7
8
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1+4
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
1
PROMETHEUS
5
5
5
-
1
2
3
4
1
6
7
8
9

 

 

-
PROMETHEUS
-
-
-
1
P
16
7
7
1
R
18
9
9
1
O
15
6
6
1
M
13
4
4
1
E
5
5
5
1
T
20
2
2
1
H
8
8
8
1
E
5
5
5
1
U
21
3
3
1
S
19
10
1
10
PROMETHEUS
140
59
50
1+0
-
1+4+0
5+9
5+0
1
PROMETHEUS
5
14
5
-
-
-
1+4
-
1
PROMETHEUS
5
5
5

 

 

 

 

O
=
6
-
3
ONE
34
16
7
T
=
2
-
3
TWO
58
13
4
T
=
2
-
5
THREE
56
29
2
F
=
6
-
4
FOUR
60
24
6
F
=
6
-
4
FIVE
42
24
6
S
=
1
-
3
SIX
52
16
7
S
=
1
-
5
SEVEN
65
20
2
E
=
5
-
5
EIGHT
49
31
4
N
=
5
-
4
NINE
42
24
6
-
-
34
-
36
-
458
197
44
-
-
3+4
-
3+6
-
4+5+8
1+9+7
4+4
-
-
7
4
9
-
17
17
8
-
-
-
-
-
-
1+7
1+7
-
-
-
7
-
9
-
8
8
8

 

 

O
=
6
3
ONE
34
16
7
T
=
2
3
TWO
58
13
4
T
=
2
5
THREE
56
29
2
F
=
6
4
FOUR
60
24
6
F
+
6
4
FIVE
42
24
6
S
=
1
3
SIX
52
16
7
S
=
1
5
SEVEN
65
20
2
E
=
5
5
EIGHT
49
31
4
N
=
5
4
NINE
42
24
6
-
-
39
36
-
458
197
44
-
-
3+9
3+6
-
4+5+8
1+9+7
4+4
-
-
12
9
-
17
17
8
-
-
1+2
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
3
9
-
8
8
8

 

 

NUMBER

9

THE SEARCH FOR THE SIGMA CODE

Cecil Balmond 1998

Page 32

5


To Sorcerers and Magicians number FIVEis the most powerful - five is the mark of the pentacle, a five pointed star drawn by extending the sides of a Pentagon. Five surely is in the possession of the occult. And the Pentagon is the geometric figure in which the golden ratio of classical art and architecture is found most.

 

 

THE

BALANCING

ONE TWO THREE FOUR

FIVE

NINE EIGHT SEVEN SIX

 

O
=
15
-
3
ONE
34
16
7
-
1
T
=
20
-
3
TWO
58
13
4
-
2
T
=
20
-
5
THREE
56
29
2
-
3
F
=
6
-
4
FOUR
60
24
6
-
4
-
-
61
-
15
Add
208
82
19
-
10
-
-
6+1
-
1+5
Reduce
2+0+8
8+2
1+9
-
1+0
-
-
7
-
6
Deduce
10
10
10
-
1
-
-
-
-
-
Produce
1+0
1+0
1+0
-
-
-
-
7
-
6
Essence
1
1
1
-
1

 

 

N
=
14
-
4
NINE
42
24
6
-
9
E
=
5
-
5
EIGHT
49
31
4
-
8
S
=
19
-
5
SEVEN
65
20
2
-
7
S
=
19
-
3
SIX
52
16
7
-
6
-
-
57
-
17
Add
208
91
19
-
30
-
-
5+7
-
1+7
Reduce
2+0+8
9+1
1+9
-
3+0
-
-
12
-
8
Deduce
10
10
10
-
3
-
-
1+2
-
-
Produce
1+0
1+0
1+0
-
-
-
-
3
-
8
Essence
1
1
1
-
3

 

4
FIVE
42
24
6

 

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1

 

15
ONE TWO THREE FOUR
208
82
1
4
FIVE
42
24
6
17
NINE EIGHT SEVEN SIX
208
91
1

 

 

3
ONE
34
16
7
-
3
SIX
52
16
7
3
TWO
58
13
4
-
5
SEVEN
65
20
2
5
THREE
56
29
2
-
5
EIGHT
49
31
4
4
FOUR
60
24
6
-
4
NINE
42
24
6
15
Add
208
82
19
-
17
Add
208
91
19
1+5
Reduce
2+0+8
8+2
1+9
-
1+7
Reduce
2+0+8
9+1
1+9
6
Deduce
10
10
10
-
8
Deduce
10
10
10
-
Produce
1+0
1+0
1+0
-
-
Produce
1+0
1+0
1+0
6
Essence
1
1
1
-
8
Essence
1
1
1

 

 

CIRCLE = 50 5+0 = 5 = 5+0 50 CIRCLE

1234 5 6789

ONE TWO THREE FOUR = 208 = 2+0+8 = 10 1+0 = 1
NINE EIGHT SEVEN SIX = 208 = 2+0+8 = 10 1+0 = 1

FIVE THE FULCRUM OF THE BALANCES

5FIVE5

THE SPIRIT LEVEL OF THE LEVEL SPIRIT

1234 5 6789

 

ALWAYS BALANCING IS THAT FIVE THAT FIVE IS BALANCING ALWAYS

 

-
-
-
-
-
PROMETHEUS
-
-
-
-
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
S
=
1
-
1
S
19
10
1
-
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
T
=
2
-
1
T
20
2
2
-
-
2
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
U
=
3
-
1
U
21
3
3
-
-
-
3
-
-
-
-
-
-
M
=
4
-
1
M
13
4
4
-
-
-
-
4
-
-
-
-
-
E
=
5
-
1
E
5
5
5
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
-
E
=
5
-
1
E
5
5
5
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
-
O
=
6
-
1
O
15
6
6
-
-
-
-
-
-
6
-
-
-
P
=
7
-
1
P
16
7
7
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
7
-
-
H
=
8
-
1
H
8
8
8
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
-
R
=
9
-
1
R
18
9
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
-
-
50

-

10
PROMETHEUS
140
59
50
-
1
2
3
4
10
6
7
8
9
-
-
5+0
-
1+0
-
1+4+0
5+9
5+0
-
-
-
-
-
1+0
-
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
1
PROMETHEUS
5
14
5
-
1
2
3
4
1
6
7
8
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1+4
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
1
PROMETHEUS
5
5
5
-
1
2
3
4
1
6
7
8
9

 

 

1
22
333
4444
55555
666666
7777777
88888888
999999999

one
twotwo
threethreethree
fourfourfourfour
fivefivefivefivefive
sixsixsixsixsixsix
sevensevensevensevensevensevenseven
eighteighteighteighteighteighteighteight
nineninenineninenineninenineninenine


ONE
TWOTWO
THREETHREETHREE
FOURFOURFOURFOUR
FIVEFIVEFIVEFIVEFIVE
SIXSIXSIXSIXSIXSIX
SEVENSEVENSEVENSEVENSEVENSEVENSEVEN
EIGHTEIGHTEIGHTEIGHTEIGHTEIGHTEIGHTEIGHT
NINENINENINENINENINENINENINENINENINE

 

OSIRIS SO IRIS IS

 

 

ENTERS THE NETERS

 

 

THE ELEMENTS OF EGYPTIAN WISDOM

Naomi Ozaniec 1994

THE SACRED SCRIPT - THE MEDU NETERS

Page 80 / The logical mind begins to reel / Page 81 / Language as evocation is immensely powerful. Word play is not finished; Neith can also be written by spelling the 't' with the sign for land, ta, in combination with the sign for water, 'n'. This particular hieroglyph represents ruffled water. By spelling the same name in a different way, we are presented with a different set of ideas. Here is Neith as 'the primeval water which gave birth to the land,' a theologically familiar concept. Once again a brief word encapsulates both divine name and divine function.

Hieroglyphic omitted

Schwaller de Lubicz reminds us repeatedly that we do need to look for a convoluted symbolism. The Medu Neters were chosen in such a way as to really signify all the qualities and functions implicit in the image. We are of course removed from the direct observation of vulture and ibis, crocodile and falcon, It is hard for us to understand the subtleties of movement, habit or life cycle which prompted a recognition deep in the Egyptian mind. It is well known that the humble dung beetle was raised to a sacred status from its simple egg-laying habit. The young emerged from the ball of dung as new life unbegotten. It is less well known that the scarab resembles the human skull, its two wing cases being reminiscent of the two halves of the human skull.

The ability to find the cosmic In the mundane through a correspondence is the hallmark of a mind sensitized through symbolic training. Any contemporary Qabalist recognizes this function for what it is, the inner workings of an esoteric system. These brief examples serve to illustrate the workings of both the Egyptian mind and the Egyptian tradition. Each letter had its own secret; all sacred alphabets are constructed in this way. Moreover a sacred language always serves a double purpose, a written double entendre. To the uninitiated there is no secret to hide. The language functions perfectly well at a purely practical level. To the initiated there exists another level of inner meaning as opposed to the apparent meaning. The inner meaning requires no elaborate subterfuge. It is there all the time, open and blatant. 'It / Page 82 / is hidden from view only because it represents a higher non-cerebral consciousness which simply evades the logical mind.

The Egyptians preserved this double function with astonishing brilliance and clarity over an immensely long period of time. Hebrew still functions as a sacred alphabet.. Each of its letters signifies ideas, numbers and cosmic principles.. A word becomes a code for an abstraction, a metaphysical concept, an esoteric teaching. An outsider cannot penetrate into the labyrinthine maze of meanings without becoming lost in ideas and distracted by elusive possibilities. A guide is always required in such matters - scribal training took place through an apprenticeship system. It is a mistake to think that we might uncover how the scribes viewed individual hieroglyphs by simply applying any meaning that springs to our mind. It is Clear that individual signs and arrangements carried a precise range of corresponding symbols.

Schwaller de Lubicz acts as our guide into the intricacies of an individual hieroglyph in the book Her-Bak.

The letter r is written in the lenticular shape of a half open mouth. Now look. for the ideas, qualities and functions this sign represents. First, its nature. The mouth, ra, is the upper opening of the body, an entrance that communicates by two channels with the lungs and stomach; that is why this hieroglyph is also the generic word for an entrance, ra. The mouth opens and shuts to eat, breathe and speak, as the eye, ar.t, opens and shuts to receive or refuse light. The mouth's function is dual, passive and active, it receives air and food, emits breath and voice. The eye's function is dual, likewise 'the reception of light and expression of organic and emotional response. The mouth's shape changes by the separation of the lips for the performance of its function. Opening, it widens or narrows like the shadow thrown on a disc by another disc which gradually eclipses it. In the partially occulted disc, the lentil or dark mouth is the complement of the crescent still visible. This gradual change of shape produces portions of different size that represents parts of the occulted disc. The characteristic has given the name ra to parts of a whole such as numerical fractions, chapters and so forth.

Page 83

These profound thoughts revolve around a single letter majestic insights might we discover if only someone would serve as our guide through all the hieroglyphic combinations! Here is a way of thinking quite unlike our own, a mind set removed from our utilitarian use of language. This totally symbolic thinking produced completely practical applications, as we see through Egypt's many lasting achievements there is no grounds whatsoever for thinking that this symbolic system produced woolly mindedness. On the contrary it gave rise to a mind that was both extensive and focused, deep and creative, traditonal yet original.

 

 

A

MAZE

IN

ZAZAZA ENTER AZAZAZ

AZAZAZAZAZAZAZZAZAZAZAZAZAZA

ZAZAZAZAZAZAZAZAZAAZAZAZAZAZAZAZAZAZ

THE

MAGICALALPHABET

ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZZYXWVUTSRQPONMLKJIHGFEDCBA

12345678910111213141516171819202122232425262625242322212019181716151413121110987654321

 

 

A

HISTORY OF GOD

Karen Armstrong 1993

The God of the Mystics

Page 250

"Perhaps the most famous of the early Jewish mystical texts is the fifth century Sefer Yezirah (The Book of Creation). There is no attempt to describe the creative process realistically; the account is unashamedly symbolic and shows God creating the world by means of language as though he were writing a book. But language has been entirely transformed and the message of creation is no longer clear. Each letter of the Hebrew alphabet is given a numerical value; by combining the letters with the sacred numbers, rearranging them in endless configurations, the mystic weaned his mind away from the normal connotations of words."

 

 

THERE IS NO ATTEMPT MADE TO DESCRIBE THE CREATIVE PROCESS REALISTICALLY

THE ACCOUNT IS SYMBOLIC AND SHOWS GOD CREATING THE WORLD BY MEANS OF LANGUAGE

AS THOUGH WRITING A BOOK BUT LANGUAGE ENTIRELY TRANSFORMED

THE MESSAGE OF CREATION IS CLEAR EACH LETTER OF

THE

ALPHABET

IS

GIVEN

A

NUMERICAL

VALUE BY COMBINING THE LETTERS WITH THE SACRED NUMBERS

REARRANGING THEM IN ENDLESS CONFIGURATIONS

THE MYSTIC WEANED THE MIND AWAY FROM THE NORMAL CONNOTATIONS OF WORDS

 

....

 

THE LIGHT IS RISING RISING IS THE LIGHT

 

 

en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paraclete

'Paraclete' appears in the New Testament in the Gospel of John (14:16, 14:26, 15:26, 16:7), where it may be translated in English as "Counselor", "Helper", or "Comforter". The Early Church identified the Paraclete as the Holy Spirit (Acts 1:5,1:8,2:4,2:38) and Christians continue to use Paraclete as a title for God's Spirit.

 

 

www.cedarseed.com/air/monoegypt.

Notice also that many deities come by pairs: Nu and Nut, Râ and Rât... These are usually very old gods and goddesses. The ending -t is feminine, and you can obtain a goddess from any god by adding a -t to his name. This the Egyptians did! Every god has his paredra (his female counterpart), and vice-versa: every deity has a mirror image from the opposite sex, even if it was of so little importance that it was forgotten with time. At least two are even hermaphrodite. The dual nature of their One God, who unites the essences of both male and female, was not unknown to them, even if their understanding preferred this divine characteristic to manifest as two separate and complementary beings.

 

 

In Search Of The Miraculous

Fragments of an Unknown Teaching

P.D.Oupensky 1949

Page 283

"In western systems of occultism there is a method known by the name of 'theosophical addition', that is, the definition of numbers consisting of two or more digits by the sum of those digits. To people who do not understand the symbolism of numbers this method of synthesizing numbers seems to be absolutely arbitrary and to lead nowhere. But for a man who understands the unity of everything existing and who has the key to this unity the method of theosophical addition has a profound meaning, for it resolves all diversity into the fundamental laws which govern it and which are expressed in the numbers 1 to 10.

 

 

T
=
2
-
12
THEOSOPHICAL
131
59
5
A
=
1
-
8
ADDITION
76
40
4
-
-
3
-
20
First Total
207
99
9
-
-
-
-
2+0
Add to Reduce
2+0+7
9+9
-
-
-
3
-
2
Second Total
18
18
9
-
-
-
-
-
Reduce to Deduce
1+8
1+8
-
-
-
3
-
2
Essence of Number
9
9
9

 

 

-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
T
=
2
-
12
THEOSOPHICAL
131
59
5
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
A
=
1
-
8
ADDITION
76
40
4
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
T
=
2
1
1
T
20
2
2
-
-
2
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
H
=
8
2
1
H
8
8
8
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
-
E
=
5
3
1
E
5
5
5
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
-
O
=
6
4
1
O
15
6
6
-
-
-
-
-
-
6
-
-
-
S
=
1
5
1
S
19
10
1
-
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
O
=
6
6
1
O
15
6
6
-
-
-
-
-
-
6
-
-
-
P
=
7
7
1
P
16
7
7
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
7
-
-
H
=
8
8
1
H
8
8
8
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
-
I
=
9
9
1
I
9
9
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
C
=
3
10
1
C
3
3
3
-
-
-
3
-
-
-
-
-
-
A
=
1
11
1
A
1
1
1
-
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
L
=
3
12
1
L
12
3
3
-
-
-
3
-
-
-
-
-
-
A
=
1
13
1
A
1
1
1
-
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
D
=
4
14
1
D
4
4
4
-
-
-
-
4
-
-
-
-
-
D
=
4
15
1
D
4
4
4
-
-
-
-
4
-
-
-
-
-
I
=
9
16
1
I
9
9
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
T
=
2
17
1
T
20
2
2
-
-
2
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
I
=
9
18
1
I
9
9
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
O
=
6
19
1
O
15
6
6
-
-
-
-
-
-
6
-
-
-
N
=
5
20
1
N
14
5
5
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
ADDITION
-
-
-
-
3
4
6
8
10
18
7
16
27
-
-
-
-
-
THEOSOPHICAL
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1+0
1+8
-
1+6
2+7
-
-
63
-
20
First Total
207
108
99
-
3
4
6
8
1
9
7
7
9
-
-
6+3
-
2+0
Add to Reduce
2+0+7
1+0+8
9+9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
-
2
Second Total
9
9
18
-
3
4
6
8
1
9
7
7
9
-
-
-
-
-
Reduce to Deduce
-
-
1+8
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
-
2
Essence of Number
9
9
9
-
3
4
6
8
1
9
7
7
9

 

 

-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
T
=
2
-
12
THEOSOPHICAL
131
59
5
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
A
=
1
-
8
ADDITION
76
40
4
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
S
=
1
5
1
S
19
10
1
-
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
A
=
1
11
1
A
1
1
1
-
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
A
=
1
13
1
A
1
1
1
-
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
T
=
2
1
1
T
20
2
2
-
-
2
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
T
=
2
17
1
T
20
2
2
-
-
2
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
C
=
3
10
1
C
3
3
3
-
-
-
3
-
-
-
-
-
-
L
=
3
12
1
L
12
3
3
-
-
-
3
-
-
-
-
-
-
D
=
4
14
1
D
4
4
4
-
-
-
-
4
-
-
-
-
-
D
=
4
15
1
D
4
4
4
-
-
-
-
4
-
-
-
-
-
E
=
5
3
1
E
5
5
5
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
-
N
=
5
20
1
N
14
5
5
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
-
O
=
6
4
1
O
15
6
6
-
-
-
-
-
-
6
-
-
-
O
=
6
6
1
O
15
6
6
-
-
-
-
-
-
6
-
-
-
O
=
6
19
1
O
15
6
6
-
-
-
-
-
-
6
-
-
-
P
=
7
7
1
P
16
7
7
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
7
-
-
H
=
8
2
1
H
8
8
8
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
-
H
=
8
8
1
H
8
8
8
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
-
I
=
9
9
1
I
9
9
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
I
=
9
16
1
I
9
9
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
I
=
9
18
1
I
9
9
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
-
-
-
-
-
ADDITION
-
-
-
-
3
4
6
8
10
18
7
16
27
-
-
-
-
-
THEOSOPHICAL
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1+0
1+8
-
1+6
2+7
-
-
63
-
20
First Total
207
108
99
-
3
4
6
8
1
9
7
7
9
-
-
6+3
-
2+0
Add to Reduce
2+0+7
1+0+8
9+9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
-
2
Second Total
9
9
18
-
3
4
6
8
1
9
7
7
9
-
-
-
-
-
Reduce to Deduce
-
-
1+8
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
-
2
Essence of Number
9
9
9
-
3
4
6
8
1
9
7
7
9

 

 

-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
-
-
T
=
2
-
12
THEOSOPHICAL
131
59
5
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
A
=
1
-
8
ADDITION
76
40
4
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
-
-
S
=
1
5
1
S
19
10
1
-
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
A
=
1
11
1
A
1
1
1
-
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
A
=
1
13
1
A
1
1
1
-
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
3
T
=
2
1
1
T
20
2
2
-
-
2
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
T
=
2
17
1
T
20
2
2
-
-
2
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
2
C
=
3
10
1
C
3
3
3
-
-
-
3
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
L
=
3
12
1
L
12
3
3
-
-
-
3
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
2
D
=
4
14
1
D
4
4
4
-
-
-
-
4
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
D
=
4
15
1
D
4
4
4
-
-
-
-
4
-
-
-
-
-
-
2
E
=
5
3
1
E
5
5
5
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
-
-
-
N
=
5
20
1
N
14
5
5
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
-
-
2
O
=
6
4
1
O
15
6
6
-
-
-
-
-
-
6
-
-
-
-
-
O
=
6
6
1
O
15
6
6
-
-
-
-
-
-
6
-
-
-
-
-
O
=
6
19
1
O
15
6
6
-
-
-
-
-
-
6
-
-
-
-
3
P
=
7
7
1
P
16
7
7
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
7
-
-
-
1
H
=
8
2
1
H
8
8
8
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
-
-
-
H
=
8
8
1
H
8
8
8
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
-
-
2
I
=
9
9
1
I
9
9
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
-
-
I
=
9
16
1
I
9
9
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
-
-
I
=
9
18
1
I
9
9
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
-
3
-
-
-
-
-
ADDITION
-
-
-
-
3
4
6
8
10
18
7
16
27
-
20
-
-
-
-
-
THEOSOPHICAL
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1+0
1+8
-
1+6
2+7
-
2+0
-
-
63
-
20
First Total
207
108
99
-
3
4
6
8
1
9
7
7
9
-
2
-
-
6+3
-
2+0
Add to Reduce
2+0+7
1+0+8
9+9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
-
2
Second Total
9
9
18
-
3
4
6
8
1
9
7
7
9
-
2
-
-
-
-
-
Reduce to Deduce
-
-
1+8
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
-
2
Essence of Number
9
9
9
-
3
4
6
8
1
9
7
7
9
-
2

 

 

-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
-
-
-
-
-
PHILOSOPHER
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
P
=
7
-
1
P
16
7
7
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
7
-
-
H
=
8
-
1
H
8
8
8
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
-
I
=
9
-
1
I
9
9
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
L
=
3
-
1
L
12
3
3
-
-
-
3
-
-
-
-
-
-
O
=
6
-
1
O
15
6
6
-
-
-
-
-
-
6
-
-
-
S
=
1
-
1
S
19
10
1
-
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
O
=
6
-
1
O
15
6
6
-
-
-
-
-
-
6
-
-
-
P
=
7
-
1
P
16
7
7
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
7
-
-
H
=
8
-
1
H
8
8
8
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
-
E
=
5
-
1
E
5
5
5
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
-
I
=
9
-
1
R
18
9
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
-
-
69
-
11
PHILOSOPHER
141
78
69
-
1
2
3
4
5
12
14
16
18
-
-
6+9
-
1+1
-
1+4+1
7+8
6+9
-
-
-
-
-
-
1+2
1+4
1+6
1+8
-
15
-
2
PHILOSOPHER
6
15
15
-
1
2
3
4
5
3
5
7
9
-
-
1+5
-
-
-
-
1+5
1+5
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
6
-
2
PHILOSOPHER
6
6
6
-
1
2
3
4
5
3
5
7
9

 

 

-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
-
-
-
-
-
PHILOSOPHER
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
P
=
7
-
1
P
16
7
7
-
-
2
-
4
-
-
7
-
-
H
=
8
-
1
H
8
8
8
-
-
2
-
4
-
-
-
8
-
I
=
9
-
1
I
9
9
9
-
-
2
-
4
-
-
-
-
9
L
=
3
-
1
L
12
3
3
-
-
2
3
4
-
-
-
-
-
O
=
6
-
1
O
15
6
6
-
-
2
-
4
-
6
-
-
-
S
=
1
-
1
S
19
10
1
-
1
2
-
4
-
-
-
-
-
O
=
6
-
1
O
15
6
6
-
-
2
-
4
-
6
-
-
-
P
=
7
-
1
P
16
7
7
-
-
2
-
4
-
-
7
-
-
H
=
8
-
1
H
8
8
8
-
-
2
-
4
-
-
-
8
-
E
=
5
-
1
E
5
5
5
-
-
2
-
4
5
-
-
-
-
I
=
9
-
1
R
18
9
9
-
-
2
-
4
-
-
-
-
9
-
-
69
-
11
PHILOSOPHER
141
78
69
-
1
2
3
4
5
12
14
16
18
-
-
6+9
-
1+1
-
1+4+1
7+8
6+9
-
-
-
-
-
-
1+2
1+4
1+6
1+8
-
15
-
2
PHILOSOPHER
6
15
15
-
1
2
3
4
5
3
5
7
9
-
-
1+5
-
-
-
-
1+5
1+5
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
6
-
2
PHILOSOPHER
6
6
6
-
1
2
3
4
5
3
5
7
9

 

 

-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
3
5
6
7
8
9
-
-
-
-
-
PHILOSOPHER
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
P
=
7
-
1
P
16
7
7
-
-
-
-
-
7
-
-
H
=
8
-
1
H
8
8
8
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
-
I
=
9
-
1
I
9
9
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
L
=
3
-
1
L
12
3
3
-
-
3
-
-
-
-
-
O
=
6
-
1
O
15
6
6
-
-
-
-
6
-
-
-
S
=
1
-
1
S
19
10
1
-
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
O
=
6
-
1
O
15
6
6
-
-
-
-
6
-
-
-
P
=
7
-
1
P
16
7
7
-
-
-
-
-
7
-
-
H
=
8
-
1
H
8
8
8
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
-
E
=
5
-
1
E
5
5
5
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
-
I
=
9
-
1
R
18
9
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
-
-
69
-
11
PHILOSOPHER
141
78
69
-
1
3
5
12
14
16
18
-
-
6+9
-
1+1
-
1+4+1
7+8
6+9
-
-
-
-
1+2
1+4
1+6
1+8
-
15
-
2
PHILOSOPHER
6
15
15
-
1
3
5
3
5
7
9
-
-
1+5
-
-
-
-
1+5
1+5
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
6
-
2
PHILOSOPHER
6
6
6
-
1
3
5
3
5
7
9

 

 

-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
-
-
-
-
-
PHILOSOPHER
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
S
=
1
-
1
S
19
10
1
-
1
2
-
4
-
-
-
-
-
L
=
3
-
1
L
12
3
3
-
-
2
3
4
-
-
-
-
-
E
=
5
-
1
E
5
5
5
-
-
2
-
4
5
-
-
-
-
O
=
6
-
1
O
15
6
6
-
-
2
-
4
-
6
-
-
-
O
=
6
-
1
O
15
6
6
-
-
2
-
4
-
6
-
-
-
P
=
7
-
1
P
16
7
7
-
-
2
-
4
-
-
7
-
-
P
=
7
-
1
P
16
7
7
-
-
2
-
4
-
-
7
-
-
H
=
8
-
1
H
8
8
8
-
-
2
-
4
-
-
-
8
-
H
=
8
-
1
H
8
8
8
-
-
2
-
4
-
-
-
8
-
I
=
9
-
1
I
9
9
9
-
-
2
-
4
-
-
-
-
9
I
=
9
-
1
R
18
9
9
-
-
2
-
4
-
-
-
-
9
-
-
69
-
11
PHILOSOPHER
141
78
69
-
1
2
3
4
5
12
14
16
18
-
-
6+9
-
1+1
-
1+4+1
7+8
6+9
-
-
-
-
-
-
1+2
1+4
1+6
1+8
-
15
-
2
PHILOSOPHER
6
15
15
-
1
2
3
4
5
3
5
7
9
-
-
1+5
-
-
-
-
1+5
1+5
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
6
-
2
PHILOSOPHER
6
6
6
-
1
2
3
4
5
3
5
7
9

 

 

-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
3
5
6
7
8
9
-
-
-
-
-
PHILOSOPHER
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
S
=
1
-
1
S
19
10
1
-
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
L
=
3
-
1
L
12
3
3
-
-
3
-
-
-
-
-
E
=
5
-
1
E
5
5
5
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
-
O
=
6
-
1
O
15
6
6
-
-
-
-
6
-
-
-
O
=
6
-
1
O
15
6
6
-
-
-
-
6
-
-
-
P
=
7
-
1
P
16
7
7
-
-
-
-
-
7
-
-
P
=
7
-
1
P
16
7
7
-
-
-
-
-
7
-
-
H
=
8
-
1
H
8
8
8
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
-
H
=
8
-
1
H
8
8
8
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
-
I
=
9
-
1
I
9
9
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
I
=
9
-
1
R
18
9
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
-
-
69
-
11
PHILOSOPHER
141
78
69
-
1
3
5
12
14
16
18
-
-
6+9
-
1+1
-
1+4+1
7+8
6+9
-
-
-
-
1+2
1+4
1+6
1+8
-
15
-
2
PHILOSOPHER
6
15
15
-
1
3
5
3
5
7
9
-
-
1+5
-
-
-
-
1+5
1+5
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
6
-
2
PHILOSOPHER
6
6
6
-
1
3
5
3
5
7
9

 

 

-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
T
=
2
-
3
THE
33
15
6
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
P
=
7
-
12
PHILOSOPHERS
160
70
7
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
S
=
1
-
5
STONE
73
19
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
T
=
2
1
1
T
20
2
2
-
-
2
-
4
-
-
-
-
-
H
=
8
2
1
H
8
8
8
-
-
-
-
4
-
-
-
8
-
E
=
5
3
1
E
5
5
5
-
-
-
-
4
5
-
-
-
-
P
=
7
4
1
P
16
7
7
-
-
-
-
4
-
-
7
-
-
H
=
8
5
1
H
8
8
8
-
-
-
-
4
-
-
-
8
-
I
=
9
6
1
I
9
9
9
-
-
-
-
4
-
-
-
-
9
L
=
3
7
1
L
12
3
3
-
-
-
3
4
-
-
-
-
-
O
=
6
8
1
O
15
6
6
-
-
-
-
4
-
6
-
-
-
S
=
1
9
1
S
19
10
1
-
1
-
-
4
-
-
-
-
-
O
=
6
10
1
O
15
6
6
-
-
-
-
4
-
6
-
-
-
P
=
7
11
1
P
16
7
7
-
-
-
-
4
-
-
7
-
-
H
=
8
12
1
H
8
8
8
-
-
-
-
4
-
-
-
8
-
E
=
5
13
1
E
5
5
5
-
-
-
-
4
5
-
-
-
-
R
=
9
14
1
R
18
9
9
-
-
-
-
4
-
-
-
-
9
S
=
1
15
1
S
19
10
1
-
1
-
-
4
-
-
-
-
-
S
=
1
16
1
S
19
10
1
-
1
-
-
4
-
-
-
-
-
T
=
2
17
1
T
20
2
2
-
-
2
-
4
-
-
-
-
-
O
=
6
18
1
O
15
6
6
-
-
-
-
4
-
6
-
-
-
N
=
5
19
1
N
14
5
5
-
-
-
-
4
5
-
-
-
-
E
=
5
20
1
E
5
5
5
-
-
-
-
4
5
-
-
-
-
-
-
104
-
20
-
266
131
104
-
3
4
3
4
20
18
14
24
18
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
2+0
1+8
1+4
2+4
1+8
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
3
4
3
4
2
9
5
6
9
T
=
2
-
3
THE
33
15
6
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
P
=
7
-
12
PHILOSOPHERS
160
88
7
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
S
=
1
-
5
STONE
73
28
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
10
-
20
First Total
266
131
14
-
3
4
3
4
2
9
5
6
9
-
-
1+0
-
2+0
Add to Reduce
2+6+6
1+0+4
1+4
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
-
2
Second Total
14
5
5
-
3
4
3
4
2
9
5
6
9
-
-
-
-
-
Reduce to Deduce
1+4
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
-
2
Essence of Number
5
5
5
-
3
4
3
4
2
9
5
6
9

 

 

-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
T
=
2
-
3
THE
33
15
6
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
P
=
7
-
12
PHILOSOPHERS
160
70
7
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
S
=
1
-
5
STONE
73
19
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
S
=
1
9
1
S
19
10
1
-
1
-
-
4
-
-
-
-
-
S
=
1
15
1
S
19
10
1
-
1
-
-
4
-
-
-
-
-
S
=
1
16
1
S
19
10
1
-
1
-
-
4
-
-
-
-
-
T
=
2
1
1
T
20
2
2
-
-
2
-
4
-
-
-
-
-
T
=
2
17
1
T
20
2
2
-
-
2
-
4
-
-
-
-
-
L
=
3
7
1
L
12
3
3
-
-
-
3
4
-
-
-
-
-
E
=
5
3
1
E
5
5
5
-
-
-
-
4
5
-
-
-
-
E
=
5
13
1
E
5
5
5
-
-
-
-
4
5
-
-
-
-
E
=
5
20
1
E
5
5
5
-
-
-
-
4
5
-
-
-
-
N
=
5
19
1
N
14
5
5
-
-
-
-
4
5
-
-
-
-
O
=
6
8
1
O
15
6
6
-
-
-
-
4
-
6
-
-
-
O
=
6
10
1
O
15
6
6
-
-
-
-
4
-
6
-
-
-
O
=
6
18
1
O
15
6
6
-
-
-
-
4
-
6
-
-
-
P
=
7
4
1
P
16
7
7
-
-
-
-
4
-
-
7
-
-
P
=
7
11
1
P
16
7
7
-
-
-
-
4
-
-
7
-
-
H
=
8
2
1
H
8
8
8
-
-
-
-
4
-
-
-
8
-
H
=
8
5
1
H
8
8
8
-
-
-
-
4
-
-
-
8
-
H
=
8
12
1
H
8
8
8
-
-
-
-
4
-
-
-
8
-
I
=
9
6
1
I
9
9
9
-
-
-
-
4
-
-
-
-
9
R
=
9
14
1
R
18
9
9
-
-
-
-
4
-
-
-
-
9
-
-
104
-
20
-
266
131
104
-
3
4
3
4
20
18
14
24
18
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
2+0
1+8
1+4
2+4
1+8
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
3
4
3
4
2
9
5
6
9
T
=
2
-
3
THE
33
15
6
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
P
=
7
-
12
PHILOSOPHERS
160
88
7
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
S
=
1
-
5
STONE
73
28
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
10
-
20
First Total
266
131
14
-
3
4
3
4
2
9
5
6
9
-
-
1+0
-
2+0
Add to Reduce
2+6+6
1+0+4
1+4
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
-
2
Second Total
14
5
5
-
3
4
3
4
2
9
5
6
9
-
-
-
-
-
Reduce to Deduce
1+4
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
-
2
Essence of Number
5
5
5
-
3
4
3
4
2
9
5
6
9

 

 

THE PHILOSOPHERS TONES

 

 

The Nine Muses of the Greek Mythology
www.greekmyths-greekmythology.com/nine-muses-in-greek-mythology/

The Nine Muses of the Greek Mythology

“Sing to me oh Muse”… The Nine Muses of the Greek Mythology were deities that gave artists, philosophers and individuals the necessary inspiration for creation.

Hesiod reveals that they were called Muses or Mouses in Greek, as the Greek word “mosis” refers to the desire and wish. The word museum also comes from the Greek Muses.

The Nine Muses were: Clio, Euterpe, Thalia, Melpomeni, Terpsichore, Erato, Polymnia, Ourania and Calliope.

All the ancient writers appeal to the Muses at the beginning of their work. Homer asks the Muses both in the Iliad and Odyssey to help him tell the story in the most proper way, and until today the Muses are symbols of inspiration and artistic creation.

In painting the Muses are usually presented as ethereal women with divine beauty, holding laurels and other items depending on their faculty.

The Muses in the Greek Mythology
According to the Greek Myths, God Zeus bewildered the young woman Mnemosyne and slept with her for nine consecutive nights. The result of their encounter was the Nine Muses, who were similar to everything.

Mnemosyne gave the babies to Nymph Eufime and God Apollo. When they grew up they showed their tendency to the arts, taught by God Apollo himself.

They were not interested in anything of the regular human everyday life and they wanted to dedicate their lives to the Arts. Apollo brought them to the big and beautiful Mount Elikonas, where the older Temple of Zeus used to be. Ever since, the Muses supported and encouraged creation, enhancing imagination and inspiration of the artists.

Muses and Arts

According to the Greek Mythology, two Muses invented theory and practice in learning, three Muses invented the musical vibrations in Lyre, four Muses invented the four known dialects in the language – Attica, Ionian, Aeolian and Dorian – and five muses the five human senses. Seven muses invented the seven chords of the lyre, the seven celestial zones, the seven planets and the seven vocals of the Greek Alphabet.

Analytically the Nine Muses are:

1. Clio: The Muse Clio discovered history and guitar. History was named Clio in the ancient years, because it refers to “kleos” the Greek word for the heroic acts. Clio was always represented with a clarion in the right arm and a book in the left hand.

2. Euterpe: Muse Euterpe discovered several musical instruments, courses and dialectic. She was always depicted holding a flute, while many instruments were always around her.

3. Thalia: Muse Thalia was the protector of comedy; she discovered comedy, geometry, architectural science and agriculture. She was also protector of Symposiums. She was always depicted holding a theatrical – comedy mask.

4. Melpomene: Opposite from Thalia, Muse Melpomene was the protector of Tragedy; she invented tragedy, rhetoric speech and Melos. She was depicted holding a tragedy mask and usually bearing a bat.

5. Terpsichore: Terpsichore was the protector of dance; she invented dances, the harp and education. She was called Terpsichore because she was enjoying and having fun with dancing ( “Terpo” in Greek refers to be amused). She was depicted wearing laurels on her head, holding a harp and dancing.

6. Erato: Muse Erato was the protector of Love and Love Poetry – as well as wedding. Her name comes from the Greek word “Eros” that refers to the feeling of falling in love. She was depicted holding a lyre and love arrows and bows.

7. Polymnia: Muse Polymnia was the protector of the divine hymns and mimic art; she invented geometry and grammar. She was depicted looking up to the Sky, holding a lyre.

8. Ourania: Muse Ourania was the protector of the celestial objects and stars; she invented astronomy. She was always depicted bearing stars, a celestial sphere and a bow compass.

9. Calliope: Muse Calliope was the superior Muse. She was accompanying kings and princes in order to impose justice and serenity. She was the protector of heroic poems and rhetoric art. According to the myth, Homer asks from Calliope to inspire him while writing Iliad and Odyssey, and, thus, Calliope is depicted holding laurels in one hand and the two Homeric poems in the other hand.

The Nine Muses have been inspiring artists since the antiquity and there countless paintings, drawings, designs, poems and statues dedicated to them. All artists of the Renaissance acknowledged their importance in artistic creation, dedicating their works to the Muses.

Today, the most famous depiction of the Muses in sculpture is in Greece, in Corfu; the Empress Sissi of Austria had their statues made for her, in order to ornament the garden of her retreat house in Corfu, the famous Achilleion.

 

CLIO EUTERPE THALIA MELPOMENE TERPSICHORE ERATO POLYMNIA OURANIA CALLIOPE

 

C
=
3
-
4
CLIO
39
21
3
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
E
=
5
-
7
EUTERPE
90
36
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
T
=
2
-
6
THALIA
51
24
6
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
M
=
4
-
9
MELPOMENE
98
44
8
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
T
=
2
-
11
TERPSICHORE
136
64
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
E
=
5
-
5
ERATO
59
23
5
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
P
=
7
-
8
POLYMNIA
105
42
6
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
O
=
6
-
7
OURANIA
79
34
7
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
C
=
3
-
8
CALLIOPE
73
37
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
37
-
65
First Total
730
325
46
-
-
3+7
-
6+5
Add to Reduce
7+3+0
3+2+5
4+6
-
-
10
-
11
Second Total
10
10
10
-
-
1+0
-
1+0
Reduce to Deduce
1+0
1+0
1+0
-
-
1
-
2
Essence of Number
1
1
1

 

 

C
=
3
-
4
CLIO
39
21
3
E
=
5
-
7
EUTERPE
90
36
9
T
=
2
-
6
THALIA
51
24
6
M
=
4
-
9
MELPOMENE
98
44
8
T
=
2
-
11
TERPSICHORE
136
64
1
-
-
16
-
37
-
414
189
27
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
E
=
5
-
5
ERATO
59
23
5
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
16
-
23
-
257
113
14
P
=
7
-
8
POLYMNIA
105
42
6
O
=
6
-
7
OURANIA
79
34
7
C
=
3
-
8
CALLIOPE
73
37
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
37
-
65
First Total
730
325
46
-
-
3+7
-
6+5
Add to Reduce
7+3+0
3+2+5
4+6
-
-
10
-
11
Second Total
10
10
10
-
-
1+0
-
1+0
Reduce to Deduce
1+0
1+0
1+0
-
-
1
-
2
Essence of Number
1
1
1

 

 

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oedipus

Oedipus was a mythical Greek king of Thebes. A tragic hero in Greek mythology, Oedipus accidentally fulfilled a prophecy that he would end up killing his father ...
Oedipus complex · Oedipus Rex · ?Oedipus (Euripides) · Oedipus at Colonus

 

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oedipus_Rex

Oedipus Rex, also known by its Greek title, Oedipus Tyrannus or Oedipus the King, is an Athenian tragedy by Sophocles that was first performed around 429 BC.

Written by: Sophocles
Series: Theban Plays
Original language: ?Classical Greek
Date premiered?: c. 429 BC

 

Oedipus - Wikipedia
Oedipus definition and meaning | Collins English Dictionary
https://www.collinsdictionary.com/dictionary/english/oedipus

Oedipus definition: the son of Laius and Jocasta , the king and queen of Thebes , who killed his father ,...
Oedipus was the son of Laius and Jocasta, king and queen of Thebes. ... Little Oedipus/Oidipous was named after the swelling from the injuries to his feet and ankles ("swollen foot"). The word "oedema" (British English) or "edema" (American English) is from this same Greek word for swelling: ??d?µa, or oedema.

 

Oedipus complex definition and meaning | Collins English Dictionary https://www.collinsdictionary.com/dictionary/english/oedipus-complex
Oedipus complex definition: If a boy or man has an Oedipus complex , he feels sexual desire for his mother and has... | Meaning, pronunciation, translations and ...

 

https://dictionary.cambridge.org/dictionary/english/oedipus-complex

Oedipus complex definition: in psychology (= the study of the human mind), a child's sexual desire for their parent of the opposite sex, especially that of a boy for ...

 

-
7
O
E
D
I
P
U
S
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
6
-
-
9
-
-
1
+
=
16
1+6
=
7
=
7
-
-``
15
-
-
9
-
-
19
+
=
43
4+3
=
7
=
7
-
7
O
E
D
I
P
U
S
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
5
4
-
7
3
-
+
=
19
1+9
=
10
1+0
1
-
-
-
5
4
-
16
21
-
+
=
46
4+6
=
10
1+0
1
-
7
O
E
D
I
P
U
S
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
15
5
4
9
16
21
19
+
=
89
8+9
=
17
1+7
8
-
-
6
5
4
9
7
3
1
+
=
35
3+5
=
8
=
8
-
7
O
E
D
I
P
U
S
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
-
-
1
occurs
x
1
=
1
2
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
2
TWO
2
-
-
-
-
--
-
-
-
-
-
3
-
-
-
3
occurs
x
1
=
3
-
--
-
-
4
-
-
-
-
-
-
4
occurs
x
1
=
4
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
5
occurs
x
1
=
5
-
-
6
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
6
occurs
x
1
=
6
-
-
-
-
-
-
7
-
-
-
-
7
occurs
x
1
=
7
8
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
EIGHT
8
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
-
-
-
-
-
9
occurs
x
1
=
9
10
7
O
E
D
I
P
U
S
-
-
35
-
-
7
-
35
1+0
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
3+5
-
-
-
-
3+5
1
7
O
E
D
I
P
U
S
-
-
8
-
-
7
-
8

 

 

-
7
O
E
D
I
P
U
S
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
6
-
-
9
-
-
1
+
=
16
1+6
=
7
=
7
-
-``
15
-
-
9
-
-
19
+
=
43
4+3
=
7
=
7
-
7
O
E
D
I
P
U
S
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
5
4
-
7
3
-
+
=
19
1+9
=
10
1+0
1
-
-
-
5
4
-
16
21
-
+
=
46
4+6
=
10
1+0
1
-
7
O
E
D
I
P
U
S
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
15
5
4
9
16
21
19
+
=
89
8+9
=
17
1+7
8
-
-
6
5
4
9
7
3
1
+
=
35
3+5
=
8
=
8
-
7
O
E
D
I
P
U
S
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
-
-
1
occurs
x
1
=
1
-
--
-
-
-
-
-
3
-
-
-
3
occurs
x
1
=
3
-
--
-
-
4
-
-
-
-
-
-
4
occurs
x
1
=
4
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
5
occurs
x
1
=
5
-
-
6
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
6
occurs
x
1
=
6
-
-
-
-
-
-
7
-
-
-
-
7
occurs
x
1
=
7
-
-
-
-
-
9
-
-
-
-
-
9
occurs
x
1
=
9
10
7
O
E
D
I
P
U
S
-
-
35
-
-
7
-
35
1+0
-
6
5
4
9
7
3
1
-
-
3+5
-
-
-
-
3+5
1
7
O
E
D
I
P
U
S
-
-
8
-
-
7
-
8

 

 

-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
-
-
-
-
8
OEDIPUS
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
O
=
6
-
1
O
15
6
6
-
-
-
-
-
-
6
-
-
-
E
=
5
-
1
E
5
5
5
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
-
D
=
4
-
1
D
4
4
4
-
-
-
-
4
-
-
-
-
-
I
=
9
-
1
I
9
9
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
P
=
7
-
1
P
16
7
7
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
7
-
-
U
=
3
-
1
U
21
3
3
-
-
-
3
-
-
-
-
-
-
S
=
1
-
1
S
19
10
1
-
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
35
-
8
OEDIPUS
89
44
35
-
1
2
3
9
5
6
9
8
9
-
-
3+5
-
-
8+9
4+4
3+5
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
-
8
OEDIPUS
17
8
8
-
1
2
3
9
5
6
9
8
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
1+7
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
-
8
OEDIPUS
8
8
8
-
1
2
3
9
5
6
9
8
9

 

 

-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
-
-
-
-
8
OEDIPUS
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
S
=
1
-
1
S
19
10
1
-
1
2
-
-
-
-
-
8
-
U
=
3
-
1
U
21
3
3
-
-
2
3
-
-
-
-
8
-
D
=
4
-
1
D
4
4
4
-
-
2
-
4
-
-
-
8
-
E
=
5
-
1
E
5
5
5
-
-
2
-
-
5
-
-
8
-
O
=
6
-
1
O
15
6
6
-
-
2
-
-
-
6
-
8
-
P
=
7
-
1
P
16
7
7
-
-
2
-
-
-
-
7
8
-
I
=
9
-
1
I
9
9
9
-
-
2
-
-
-
-
-
8
9
-
-
35
-
8
OEDIPUS
89
44
35
-
1
2
3
9
5
6
9
8
9
-
-
3+5
-
-
8+9
4+4
3+5
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
-
8
OEDIPUS
17
8
8
-
1
2
3
9
5
6
9
8
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
1+7
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
-
8
OEDIPUS
8
8
8
-
1
2
3
9
5
6
9
8
9

 

 

-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
3
4
5
6
7
9
-
-
-
-
8
OEDIPUS
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
S
=
1
-
1
S
19
10
1
-
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
U
=
3
-
1
U
21
3
3
-
-
3
-
-
-
-
-
D
=
4
-
1
D
4
4
4
-
-
-
4
-
-
-
-
E
=
5
-
1
E
5
5
5
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
O
=
6
-
1
O
15
6
6
-
-
-
-
-
6
-
-
P
=
7
-
1
P
16
7
7
-
-
-
-
-
-
7
-
I
=
9
-
1
I
9
9
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
-
-
35
-
8
OEDIPUS
89
44
35
-
1
3
9
5
6
9
9
-
-
3+5
-
-
8+9
4+4
3+5
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
-
8
OEDIPUS
17
8
8
-
1
3
9
5
6
9
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
1+7
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
-
8
OEDIPUS
8
8
8
-
1
3
9
5
6
9
9

 

 

-
-
-
-
-
ORPHEUS
-
-
-
-
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
O
=
6
1
1
O
15
6
6
-
-
2
-
4
-
6
-
-
-
R
=
9
2
1
R
18
9
9
-
-
2
-
4
-
-
-
-
9
P
=
7
3
1
P
16
7
7
-
-
2
-
4
-
-
7
-
-
H
=
8
4
1
H
8
8
8
-
-
2
-
4
-
-
-
8
-
E
=
5
5
1
E
5
5
5
-
-
2
-
4
5
-
-
-
-
U
=
3
6
1
U
21
3
3
-
-
2
3
4
-
-
-
-
-
S
=
1
7
1
S
19
10
1
-
1
2
-
4
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
39
-
7
ORPHEUS
102
48
39
-
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
3+9
-
-
-
1+0+2
4+8
3+9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
12
-
7
ORPHEUS
3
12
12
-
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
-
-
1+2
-
-
-
-
1+2
1+2
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
3
-
7
ORPHEUS
3
3
3
-
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9

 

 

-
-
-
-
-
ORPHEUS
-
-
-
-
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
S
=
1
7
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2
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3
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3
4
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5
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5
5
5
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2
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5
-
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6
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2
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-
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7
7
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-
2
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4
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7
-
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8
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-
-
-
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-
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9
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18
9
9
-
-
2
-
4
-
-
-
-
9
-
-
39
-
7
ORPHEUS
102
48
39
-
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
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-
-
-
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4+8
3+9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
12
-
7
ORPHEUS
3
12
12
-
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
-
-
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-
-
-
-
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1+2
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
3
-
7
ORPHEUS
3
3
3
-
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9

 

 

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-
-
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ORPHEUS
-
-
-
-
1
3
5
6
7
8
9
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-
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ORPHEUS
102
48
39
-
1
3
5
6
7
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-
-
1+0+2
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3+9
-
-
-
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-
-
-
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-
-
12
-
7
ORPHEUS
3
12
12
-
1
3
5
6
7
8
9
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-
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-
-
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1+2
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-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
3
-
7
ORPHEUS
3
3
3
-
1
3
5
6
7
8
9

 

 

Orpheus - Wikipedia
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orpheus

Mythology - Orpheus is a legendary musician, poet, and prophet in ancient Greek religion and myth. The major stories about him are centered on ...
?Eurydice · Orphism (religion) ·Orpheus and Eurydice · Orpheus Monument

Orpheus

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Orpheus

DSC00355 - Orfeo (epoca romana) - Foto G. Dall'Orto.jpg
Roman mosaic depicting Orpheus, wearing a Phrygian cap and surrounded by the beasts charmed by the music of his lyre

Abode
Pimpleia, Pieria

Symbol
Lyre

Personal Information

Born
Pimpleia, Pieria

Died
Pangaion Hills, Macedonia, Greece

Spouse
Eurydice

Children
Musaeus

Parents
Oeagrus or Apollo and Calliope

Siblings
The Graces, Linus

Orpheus (/'??rfi?s, '??rfju?s/; Greek: ??fe??) is a legendary musician, poet, and prophet in ancient Greek religion and myth. The major stories about him are centered on his ability to charm all living things and even stones with his music, his attempt to retrieve his wife, Eurydice, from the underworld, and his death at the hands of those who could not hear his divine music. As an archetype of the inspired singer, Orpheus is one of the most significant figures in the reception of classical mythology in Western culture, portrayed or alluded to in countless forms of art and popular culture including poetry, film, opera, music, and painting.[1]

Orpheus was born as a son of the Muse Kalliope and the Thracian king Oeagrus in a cave between Pimpleia and Leivithra.[2]

For the Greeks, Orpheus was a founder and prophet of the so-called "Orphic" mysteries. He was credited with the composition of the Orphic Hymns, a collection of which only two have survived.[3] Shrines containing purported relics of Orpheus were regarded as oracles. Some ancient Greek sources note Orpheus' Thracian origins.[4]

Orpheus (left, with lyre) among the Thracians, from an Attic red-figure bell-krater (c. 440 BC)[5]
The earliest literary reference to Orpheus is a two-word fragment of the sixth-century BC lyric poet Ibycus: onomaklyton Orphen ("Orpheus famous-of-name"). He is not mentioned in Homer or Hesiod.[6] Most ancient sources accept his historical existence; Aristotle is an exception.[7][8]

Pindar calls Orpheus "the father of songs"[9] and identifies him as a son of the Thracian king Oeagrus[10] and the Muse Calliope.[11]

Greeks of the Classical age venerated Orpheus as the greatest of all poets and musicians; it was said that while Hermes had invented the lyre, Orpheus had perfected it. Poets such as Simonides of Ceos said that Orpheus' music and singing could charm the birds, fish and wild beasts, coax the trees and rocks into dance,[12] and divert the course of rivers. Orpheus was one of the handful of Greek heroes[13] to visit the Underworld and return; his music and song even had power over Hades.

Some sources credit Orpheus with further gifts to mankind: medicine, which is more usually under the aegis of Aesculapius or Apollo; writing,[14] which is usually credited to Cadmus; and agriculture, where Orpheus assumes the Eleusinian role of Triptolemus as giver of Demeter's knowledge to mankind. Orpheus was an augur and seer; he practiced magical arts and astrology, founded cults to Apollo and Dionysus[15] and prescribed the mystery rites preserved in Orphic texts. Pindar and Apollonius of Rhodes[16] place Orpheus as the harpist and companion of Jason and the Argonauts. Orpheus had a brother named Linus, who went to Thebes and became a Theban.[17] He is claimed by Aristophanes and Horace to have taught cannibals to subsist on fruit, and to have made lions and tigers obedient to him. Horace believed, however, that Orpheus had only introduced order and civilization to savages.[18]

Bertrand Russell noted:[19]

The Orphics were an ascetic sect; wine, to them, was only a symbol, as, later, in the Christian sacrament. The intoxication that they sought was that of "enthusiasm," of union with the god. They believed themselves, in this way, to acquire mystic knowledge not obtainable by ordinary means. This mystical element entered into Greek philosophy with Pythagoras, who was a reformer of Orphism as Orpheus was a reformer of the religion of Dionysus. From Pythagoras Orphic elements entered into the philosophy of Plato, and from Plato into most later philosophy that was in any degree religious.

Strabo[20] (64 BC – c. AD 24) presents Orpheus as a mortal, who lived and died in a village close to Olympus. "Some, of course, received him willingly, but others, since they suspected a plot and violence, combined against him and killed him." He made money as a musician and "wizard" – Strabo uses agurteúonta (a???te???ta),[21] also used by Sophocles in Oedipus Tyrannus to characterize Teiresias as a trickster with an excessive desire for possessions. Agúrtes (a???t??) most often meant charlatan[22] and always had a negative connotation. Pausanias writes of an unnamed Egyptian who considered Orpheus a mágeuse (µ??e?se), i.e., magician.[23][non-primary source needed]

Mythology[edit]

Important sites in the life and travels of Orpheus
Early life[edit]

According to Apollodorus[24] and a fragment of Pindar,[25] Orpheus' father was Oeagrus, a Thracian king; or, according to another version of the story, the god Apollo. His mother was the muse Calliope; or, a daughter of Pierus,[26] son of Makednos. His birthplace and place of residence was in Pimpleia,[27][28][29] Olympus. In Argonautica the location of Oeagrus and Calliope's wedding is close to Pimpleia,[30] near Olympus.[29][31] While living with his mother and her eight beautiful sisters in Parnassus,[32] he met Apollo, who was courting the laughing muse Thalia. Apollo, as the god of music, gave Orpheus a golden lyre and taught him to play it. Orpheus' mother taught him to make verses for singing. Strabo mentions that he lived in Pimpleia.[29] He is also said to have studied in Egypt.[33]

According to Diodorus Siculus, Musaeus of Athens was the son of Orpheus.[34]

Orpheus is said to have established the worship of Hecate in Aegina.[35] In Laconia Orpheus is said to have brought the worship of Demeter Chthonia[36] and that of the Kores Soteiras (Greek,???e? S?te??a?) savior maid.[clarification needed][37] Also in Taygetus a wooden image of Orpheus was said to have been kept by Pelasgians in the sanctuary of the Eleusinian Demeter.[38]

Travelling as an Argonaut[edit]

Main article: Argonautica

The Argonautica (Greek: ?????a?t???) is a Greek epic poem written by Apollonius Rhodius in the 3rd century BC. Orpheus took part in this adventure and used his skills to aid his companions. Chiron told Jason that without the aid of Orpheus, the Argonauts would never be able to pass the Sirens—the same Sirens encountered by Odysseus in Homer's epic poem the Odyssey. The Sirens lived on three small, rocky islands called Sirenum scopuli and sang beautiful songs that enticed sailors to come to them, which resulted in the crashing of their ships into the islands. When Orpheus heard their voices, he drew his lyre and played music that was louder and more beautiful, drowning out the Sirens' bewitching songs. According to 3rd century BC Hellenistic elegiac poet Phanocles, Orpheus loved the young Argonaut Calais, "the son of Boreas, with all his heart, and went often in shaded groves still singing of his desire, nor was his heart at rest. But always, sleepless cares wasted his spirits as he looked at fresh Calais."[39][40]

Death of Eurydice[edit]

Orpheus with the lyre and surrounded by beasts (Byzantine & Christian Museum, Athens)
See also: Descent to the underworld

The most famous story in which Orpheus figures is that of his wife Eurydice (sometimes referred to as Euridice and also known as Argiope). While walking among her people, the Cicones, in tall grass at her wedding, Eurydice was set upon by a satyr. In her efforts to escape the satyr, Eurydice fell into a nest of vipers and suffered a fatal bite on her heel. Her body was discovered by Orpheus who, overcome with grief, played such sad and mournful songs that all the nymphs and gods wept. On their advice, Orpheus travelled to the underworld. His music softened the hearts of Hades and Persephone, who agreed to allow Eurydice to return with him to earth on one condition: he should walk in front of her and not look back until they both had reached the upper world. He set off with Eurydice following, and, in his anxiety, as soon as he reached the upper world, he turned to look at her, forgetting that both needed to be in the upper world, and she vanished for the second time, but now forever.

The story in this form belongs to the time of Virgil, who first introduces the name of Aristaeus (by the time of Virgil's Georgics, the myth has Aristaeus chasing Eurydice when she was bitten by a serpent) and the tragic outcome.[41] Other ancient writers, however, speak of Orpheus' visit to the underworld in a more negative light; according to Phaedrus in Plato's Symposium,[42] the infernal gods only "presented an apparition" of Eurydice to him. In fact, Plato's representation of Orpheus is that of a coward, as instead of choosing to die in order to be with the one he loved, he instead mocked the gods by trying to go to Hades to bring her back alive. Since his love was not "true"—he did not want to die for love—he was actually punished by the gods, first by giving him only the apparition of his former wife in the underworld, and then by being killed by women. Ovid says that Eurydice's death was not caused by fleeing from Aristaeus but by dancing with naiads on her wedding day.

Virgil wrote in his poem that Dryads wept from Epirus and Hebrus up to the land of the Getae (north east Danube valley) and even describes him wandering into Hyperborea and Tanais (ancient Greek city in the Don river delta)[43] due to his grief.

The story of Eurydice may actually be a late addition to the Orpheus myths. In particular, the name Eurudike ("she whose justice extends widely") recalls cult-titles attached to Persephone. According to the theories of poet Robert Graves, the myth may have been derived from another Orpheus legend, in which he travels to Tartarus and charms the goddess Hecate.[44]

The myth theme of not looking back, an essential precaution in Jason's raising of chthonic Brimo Hekate under Medea's guidance,[45] is reflected in the Biblical story of Lot's wife when escaping from Sodom. More directly, the story of Orpheus is similar to the ancient Greek tales of Persephone captured by Hades and similar stories of Adonis captive in the underworld. However, the developed form of the Orpheus myth was entwined with the Orphic mystery cults and, later in Rome, with the development of Mithraism and the cult of Sol Invictus.

Thracian Girl Carrying the Head of Orpheus on His Lyre by Gustave Moreau (1865)
Death[edit]

According to a Late Antique summary of Aeschylus' lost play Bassarids, Orpheus, towards the end of his life, disdained the worship of all gods except the sun, whom he called Apollo. One early morning he went to the oracle of Dionysus at Mount Pangaion[46] to salute his god at dawn, but was ripped to shreds by Thracian Maenads for not honoring his previous patron (Dionysus) and buried in Pieria.[15][47] Here his death is analogous with that of Pentheus, who was also torn to pieces by Maenads; and it has been speculated that the Orphic mystery cult regarded Orpheus as a parallel figure to or even an incarnation of Dionysus.[48] Both made similar journeys into Hades, and Dionysus Zagreus suffered an identical death.[49] Pausanias writes that Orpheus was buried in Dion and that he met his death there.[50] He writes that the river Helicon sank underground when the women that killed Orpheus tried to wash off their blood-stained hands in its waters.[51]

Ovid recounts that Orpheus .. had abstained from the love of women, either because things ended badly for him, or because he had sworn to do so. Yet, many felt a desire to be joined with the poet, and many grieved at rejection. Indeed, he was the first of the Thracian people to transfer his affection to young boys and enjoy their brief springtime, and early flowering this side of manhood.

—?Ovid. trans. A. S. Kline, Ovid: The Metamorphoses, Book X

Feeling spurned by Orpheus for taking only male lovers, the Ciconian women, followers of Dionysus,[52] first threw sticks and stones at him as he played, but his music was so beautiful even the rocks and branches refused to hit him. Enraged, the women tore him to pieces during the frenzy of their Bacchic orgies.[53] In Albrecht Dürer's drawing of Orpheus' death, based on an original, now lost, by Andrea Mantegna, a ribbon high in the tree above him is lettered Orfeus der erst puseran ("Orpheus, the first pederast").[54]

Death of Orpheus, by Dürer (1494)

His head and lyre, still singing mournful songs, floated down the swift Hebrus to the Mediterranean shore. There, the winds and waves carried them on to the Lesbos shore,[55] where the inhabitants buried his head and a shrine was built in his honour near Antissa;[56] there his oracle prophesied, until it was silenced by Apollo.[57] In addition to the people of Lesbos, Greeks from Ionia and Aetolia consulted the oracle, and his reputation spread as far as Babylon.[58]

Cave of Orpheus' oracle in Antissa, Lesbos

The lyre was carried to heaven by the Muses, and was placed among the stars. The Muses also gathered up the fragments of his body and buried them at Leibethra[59] below Mount Olympus, where the nightingales sang over his grave. After the river Sys flooded[60] Leibethra, the Macedonians took his bones to Dion. Orpheus' soul returned to the underworld where he was reunited at last with his beloved Eurydice.

Another legend places his tomb at Dion,[46] near Pydna in Macedon. In another version of the myth, Orpheus travels to Aornum in Thesprotia, Epirus to an old oracle for the dead. In the end Orpheus commits suicide from his grief unable to find Eurydice.[61]

Another account relates that he was struck with lightning by Zeus for having lied about the stories and the mysteries of the gods.

Orphic poems and rites[edit]

Nymphs Finding the Head of Orpheus by John William Waterhouse
Main article: Orphism (religion)

A number of Greek religious poems in hexameters were attributed to Orpheus, as they were to similar miracle-working figures, like Bakis, Musaeus, Abaris, Aristeas, Epimenides, and the Sibyl. Of this vast literature, only two examples survived whole: a set of hymns composed at some point in the second or third century, and an Orphic Argonautica composed somewhere between the fourth and sixth centuries. Earlier Orphic literature, which may date back as far as the sixth century BC, survives only in papyrus fragments or in quotations. Some of the earliest fragments may have been composed by Onomacritus.[62]

Nymphs Listening to the Songs of Orpheus, 1853 by Charles Jalabert
In addition to serving as a storehouse of mythological data along the lines of Hesiod's Theogony, Orphic poetry was recited in mystery-rites and purification rituals. Plato in particular tells of a class of vagrant beggar-priests who would go about offering purifications to the rich, a clatter of books by Orpheus and Musaeus in tow.[63] Those who were especially devoted to these rituals and poems often practiced vegetarianism and abstention from sex, and refrained from eating eggs and beans — which came to be known as the Orphikos bios, or "Orphic way of life".[64]

The Derveni papyrus, found in Derveni, Macedonia (Greece) in 1962, contains a philosophical treatise that is an allegorical commentary on an Orphic poem in hexameters, a theogony concerning the birth of the gods, produced in the circle of the philosopher Anaxagoras, written in the second half of the fifth century BC. Fragments of the poem are quoted making it "the most important new piece of evidence about Greek philosophy and religion to come to light since the Renaissance".[65] The papyrus dates to around 340 BC, during the reign of Philip II of Macedon, making it Europe's oldest surviving manuscript.

The historian William Mitford wrote in 1784 that the very earliest form of a higher and cohesive ancient Greek religion was manifest in the Orphic poems.[66]

W. K. C. Guthrie wrote that Orpheus was the founder of mystery religions and the first to reveal to men the meanings of the initiation rites.[67

 

 

-
-
-
-
-
MORPHEUS
-
-
-
-
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
M
=
4
1
1
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4
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6
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3
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3
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2
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MORPHEUS
115
52
43
-
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
4+3
-
-
-
1+1+5
5+2
4+3
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
7
-
8
MORPHEUS
7
7
7
-
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
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-
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-
-
-
-
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-
8
MORPHEUS
7
7
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1
2
3
4
5
6
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8
9

 

 

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-
-
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MORPHEUS
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1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
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1
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MORPHEUS
115
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-
8
MORPHEUS
7
7
7
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2
3
4
5
6
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8
9
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8
MORPHEUS
7
7
7
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1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9

 

 

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6
7
8
9
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-
-
-
-
-
-
8
-
R
=
9
3
1
R
18
9
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
-
-
43
-
8
MORPHEUS
115
52
43
-
1
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
4+3
-
-
-
1+1+5
5+2
4+3
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
7
-
8
MORPHEUS
7
7
7
-
1
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
7
-
8
MORPHEUS
7
7
7
-
1
3
4
5
6
7
8
9

 

 

MORPHEUS - Greek God or Spirit of the Dreams of Kings
www.theoi.com › Greek Gods

In Greek mythology Morpheus was the leader of the Oneiroi, the personified spirits (daimones) of dreams. He was a messenger of the gods who appeared in the ...

MORPHEUS was the leader of the Oneiroi, the personified spirits (daimones) of dreams. He was a messenger of the gods who appeared in the dreams of kings in human guise.
Morpheus was probably equated with the unnamed dream-spirit sent by Zeus to deliver a message to King Agamemnon in the Iliad (see the Oneiroi page)

FAMILY OF MORPHEUS

PARENTS

HYPNOS (Ovid Metamorphoses 11.592)

ENCYCLOPEDIA

MORPHEUS (Morpheus), the son of Sleep, and the god of dreams. The name signifies the fashioner or moulder, because he shaped or formed the dreams which appeared to the sleeper. (Ov. Met. xi. 635.)
Source: Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology.

CLASSICAL LITERATURE QUOTES
Ovid, Metamorphoses 11. 585 ff (trans. Melville) (Roman epic C1st B.C. to C1st A.D.) :

"[Hera commands the messenger Iris summon Dream :] ‘Iris (Rainbow), my voice's trustiest messenger, hie quickly to the drowsy hall of Somnus (Sleep) [Hypnos], and bid him send a Dream of Ceyx drowned to break the tidings to [his wife] Alcyone.'
Then Iris, in her thousand hues enrobed traced through the sky her arching bow and reached the cloud-hid palace of the drowsy king [the God of Sleep] . . . Around him everywhere in various guise lie empty Somnia (Dreams) [Oneiroi], countless as ears of corn at harvest time or sands cast on the shore or leaves that fall upon the forest floor.
There Iris entered, brushing the Somnia (Dreams) aside, and the bright sudden radiance of her robe lit up the hallowed place; slowly the god his heavy eyelids raised, and sinking back time after time, his languid drooping head nodding upon his chest, at last he shook himself out of himself, and leaning up he recognized her and asked why she came, and she replied : ‘Somnus (Sleep) [Hypnos], quietest of the gods, Somnus, peace of all the world, balm of the soul, who drives care away, who gives ease to weary limbs after the hard day's toil and strength renewed to meet the morrow's tasks, bid now thy Dreams, whose perfect mimicry matches the truth, in Ceyx's likeness formed appear in Trachis to Alcyone and feign the shipwreck and her dear love drowned. So Juno [Hera] orders.’
Then, her task performed, Iris departed, for she could no more endure the power of Somnus, as drowsiness stole seeping through her frame, and fled away back o'er the arching rainbow as she came. The father Somnus (Sleep) chose from among his sons, his thronging thousand sons, one who in skill excelled to imitate the human form; Morpheus his name, than whom none can present more cunningly the features, gait and speech of men, their wonted clothes and turn of phrase. He mirrors only men; another forms the beasts and birds and the long sliding snakes. The gods have named him Icelos; here below the tribe of mortals call him Phobetor. A third, excelling in an art diverse, is Phantasos; he wears the cheating shapes of earth, rocks, water, trees--inanimate things. To kings and chieftains these at night display their phantom features; other dreams will roam among the people, haunting common folk. All these dream-brothers the old god passed by and chose Morpheus alone to undertake Thaumantias' [Iris'] commands; then in sweet drowsiness on his high couch he sank his head to sleep.
Soon through the dewy dark on noiseless wings flew Morpheus and with brief delay arrived at Trachis town and, laying his wings aside, took Ceyx's [ghostly] form and face and, deathly pale and naked, stood beside the poor wife's bed. His beard was wet and from his sodden hair the sea-drips flowed; then leaning over her, weeping, he said : ‘Poor, poor Alcyone! Do you know me, your Ceyx? Am I changed in death? Look! Now you see, you recognize--ah! Not your husband but your husband's ghost. Your prayers availed me nothing. I am dead. Feed not your heart with hope, hope false and vain. A wild sou'wester in the Aegaeum sea, striking my ship, in its huge hurricane destroyed her. Over my lips, calling your name--calling in vain--the waters washed. These tidings no dubious courier brings, no vague report: myself, here, shipwrecked, my own fate reveal. Come, rise and weep! Put on your mourning! Weep! Nor unlamented suffer me to join the shadowy spirits of Tartara (the Underworld).’
So Morpheus spoke, spoke too in such a voice as she must think her husband's (and his tears she took for true), and used her Ceyx' gestures. Asleep, she moaned and wept and stretched her arms to hold him, but embraced the empty air. ‘Oh wait for me!’ she cried, ‘Why haste away? I will come too.’
Roused by her voice's sound and by her husband's ghost, now wide awake, she looked . . . but found him nowhere . . . She cried, ‘. . . He is dead, shipwrecked and drowned. I saw him, knew him, tried to hold him--as he vanished--in my arms. He was a ghost, but yet distinct and clear, truly my husband's ghost, though to be sure his face was changed, his shining grace was gone. Naked and deathly pale, with dripping hair, I saw him--woe is me!’"
[N.B. Ovid uses the original Greek names for the three gods of dreams.]

 

 

-
-
 
-
-
MORPHEUS
-
-
-
-
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
M
=
4
1
1
M
13
4
4
-
-
2
-
4
-
-
-
-
-
O
=
6
2
1
O
15
6
6
-
-
2
-
-
-
6
-
-
-
R
=
9
3
1
R
18
9
9
-
-
2
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
P
=
7
4
1
P
16
7
7
-
-
2
-
-
-
-
7
-
-
H
=
8
5
1
H
8
8
8
-
-
2
-
-
-
-
-
8
-
E
=
5
6
1
E
5
5
5
-
-
2
-
-
5
-
-
-
-
U
=
3
7
1
U
21
3
3
-
-
2
3
-
-
-
-
-
-
S
=
1
8
1
S
19
10
1
-
1
2
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
43
-
8
MORPHEUS
115
52
43
-
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
4+3
-
-
-
1+1+5
5+2
4+3
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
7
-
8
MORPHEUS
7
7
7
-
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
7
-
8
MORPHEUS
7
7
7
-
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9

 

 

-
-
 
-
-
ORPHEUS
-
-
-
-
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
O
=
6
1
1
O
15
6
6
-
-
2
-
4
-
6
-
-
-
R
=
9
2
1
R
18
9
9
-
-
2
-
4
-
-
-
-
9
P
=
7
3
1
P
16
7
7
-
-
2
-
4
-
-
7
-
-
H
=
8
4
1
H
8
8
8
-
-
2
-
4
-
-
-
8
-
E
=
5
5
1
E
5
5
5
-
-
2
-
4
5
-
-
-
-
U
=
3
6
1
U
21
3
3
-
-
2
3
4
-
-
-
-
-
S
=
1
7
1
S
19
10
1
-
1
2
-
4
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
39
-
7
ORPHEUS
102
48
39
-
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
3+9
-
-
-
1+0+2
4+8
3+9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
12
-
7
ORPHEUS
3
12
12
-
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
-
-
1+2
-
-
-
-
1+2
1+2
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
3
-
7
ORPHEUS
3
3
3
-
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9

 

 

-
-
 
-
-
ORPHEUS
-
-
-
-
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
O
=
6
1
1
O
15
6
6
-
-
2
-
-
-
6
-
-
-
R
=
9
2
1
R
18
9
9
-
-
2
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
P
=
7
3
1
P
16
7
7
-
-
2
-
-
-
-
7
-
-
H
=
8
4
1
H
8
8
8
-
-
2
-
-
-
-
-
8
-
E
=
5
5
1
E
5
5
5
-
-
2
-
-
5
-
-
-
-
U
=
3
6
1
U
21
3
3
-
-
2
3
-
-
-
-
-
-
S
=
1
7
1
S
19
10
1
-
1
2
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
39
-
7
-
102
48
39
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
 
-
-
-
-
MORPHEUS
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
M
=
4
1
1
M
13
4
4
-
-
2
-
4
-
-
-
-
-
O
=
6
2
1
O
15
6
6
-
-
2
-
-
-
6
-
-
-
R
=
9
3
1
R
18
9
9
-
-
2
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
P
=
7
4
1
P
16
7
7
-
-
2
-
-
-
-
7
-
-
H
=
8
5
1
H
8
8
8
-
-
2
-
-
-
-
-
8
-
E
=
5
6
1
E
5
5
5
-
-
2
-
-
5
-
-
-
-
U
=
3
7
1
U
21
3
3
-
-
2
3
-
-
-
-
-
-
S
=
1
8
1
S
19
10
1
-
1
2
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
43
-
8
MORPHEUS
115
52
43
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
82
-
15
First Total
217
100
82
-
2
2
6
4
10
12
14
16
18
8+2
-
1+5
Add to Reduce
2+1+7
1+0+0
8+2
-
-
-
-
-
1+0
1+2
1+4
1+6
1+8
-
-
10
-
6
Second Total
10
1
10
-
2
2
6
4
1
3
5
7
9
-
-
1+0
-
-
Reduce to Deduce
1+0
-
1+0
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
-
6
Essence of Number
1
1
1
-
2
2
6
4
1
3
5
7
9

 

 

-
-
 
-
-
ORPHEUS
-
-
-
-
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
O
=
6
1
1
O
15
6
6
-
-
2
-
-
-
6
-
-
-
R
=
9
2
1
R
18
9
9
-
-
2
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
P
=
7
3
1
P
16
7
7
-
-
2
-
-
-
-
7
-
-
H
=
8
4
1
H
8
8
8
-
-
2
-
-
-
-
-
8
-
E
=
5
5
1
E
5
5
5
-
-
2
-
-
5
-
-
-
-
U
=
3
6
1
U
21
3
3
-
-
2
3
-
-
-
-
-
-
S
=
1
7
1
S
19
10
1
-
1
2
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
M
=
4
8
1
M
13
4
4
-
-
2
-
4
-
-
-
-
-
O
=
6
9
1
O
15
6
6
-
-
2
-
-
-
6
-
-
-
R
=
9
10
1
R
18
9
9
-
-
2
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
P
=
7
11
1
P
16
7
7
-
-
2
-
-
-
-
7
-
-
H
=
8
12
1
H
8
8
8
-
-
2
-
-
-
-
-
8
-
E
=
5
13
1
E
5
5
5
-
-
2
-
-
5
-
-
-
-
U
=
3
14
1
U
21
3
3
-
-
2
3
-
-
-
-
-
-
S
=
1
15
1
S
19
10
1
-
1
2
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
43
-
8
MORPHEUS
115
52
43
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
82
-
15
First Total
217
100
82
-
2
2
6
4
10
12
14
16
18
8+2
-
1+5
Add to Reduce
2+1+7
1+0+0
8+2
-
-
-
-
-
1+0
1+2
1+4
1+6
1+8
-
-
10
-
6
Second Total
10
1
10
-
2
2
6
4
1
3
5
7
9
-
-
1+0
-
-
Reduce to Deduce
1+0
-
1+0
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
-
6
Essence of Number
1
1
1
-
2
2
6
4
1
3
5
7
9

 

 

-
-
-
-
-
ORPHEUS
-
-
-
-
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
S
=
1
7
1
S
19
10
1
-
1
2
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
S
=
1
15
1
S
19
10
1
-
1
2
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
U
=
3
6
1
U
21
3
3
-
-
2
3
-
-
-
-
-
-
U
=
3
14
1
U
21
3
3
-
-
2
3
-
-
-
-
-
-
M
=
4
8
1
M
13
4
4
-
-
2
-
4
-
-
-
-
-
E
=
5
5
1
E
5
5
5
-
-
2
-
-
5
-
-
-
-
E
=
5
13
1
E
5
5
5
-
-
2
-
-
5
-
-
-
-
O
=
6
1
1
O
15
6
6
-
-
2
-
-
-
6
-
-
-
O
=
6
9
1
O
15
6
6
-
-
2
-
-
-
6
-
-
-
P
=
7
3
1
P
16
7
7
-
-
2
-
-
-
-
7
-
-
P
=
7
11
1
P
16
7
7
-
-
2
-
-
-
-
7
-
-
H
=
8
4
1
H
8
8
8
-
-
2
-
-
-
-
-
8
-
H
=
8
12
1
H
8
8
8
-
-
2
-
-
-
-
-
8
-
R
=
9
2
1
R
18
9
9
-
-
2
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
R
=
9
10
1
R
18
9
9
-
-
2
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
43
-
8
MORPHEUS
115
52
43
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
82
-
15
First Total
217
100
82
-
2
2
6
4
10
12
14
16
18
8+2
-
1+5
Add to Reduce
2+1+7
1+0+0
8+2
-
-
-
-
-
1+0
1+2
1+4
1+6
1+8
-
-
10
-
6
Second Total
10
1
10
-
2
2
6
4
1
3
5
7
9
-
-
1+0
-
-
Reduce to Deduce
1+0
-
1+0
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
-
6
Essence of Number
1
1
1
-
2
2
6
4
1
3
5
7
9

 

 

-
-
-
-
-
ORPHEUS
-
-
-
-
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
-
-
S
=
1
7
1
S
19
10
1
-
1
2
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
S
=
1
15
1
S
19
10
1
-
1
2
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
2
U
=
3
6
1
U
21
3
3
-
-
2
3
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
U
=
3
14
1
U
21
3
3
-
-
2
3
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
2
M
=
4
8
1
M
13
4
4
-
-
2
-
4
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
E
=
5
5
1
E
5
5
5
-
-
2
-
-
5
-
-
-
-
-
-
E
=
5
13
1
E
5
5
5
-
-
2
-
-
5
-
-
-
-
-
2
O
=
6
1
1
O
15
6
6
-
-
2
-
-
-
6
-
-
-
-
-
O
=
6
9
1
O
15
6
6
-
-
2
-
-
-
6
-
-
-
-
2
P
=
7
3
1
P
16
7
7
-
-
2
-
-
-
-
7
-
-
-
-
P
=
7
11
1
P
16
7
7
-
-
2
-
-
-
-
7
-
-
-
2
H
=
8
4
1
H
8
8
8
-
-
2
-
-
-
-
-
8
-
-
-
H
=
8
12
1
H
8
8
8
-
-
2
-
-
-
-
-
8
-
-
2
R
=
9
2
1
R
18
9
9
-
-
2
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
-
-
R
=
9
10
1
R
18
9
9
-
-
2
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
-
2
43
-
8
MORPHEUS
115
52
43
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
82
-
15
First Total
217
100
82
-
2
2
6
4
10
12
14
16
18
-
-
8+2
-
1+5
Add to Reduce
2+1+7
1+0+0
8+2
-
-
-
-
-
1+0
1+2
1+4
1+6
1+8
-
-
-
-
10
-
6
Second Total
10
1
10
-
2
2
6
4
1
3
5
7
9
-
-
-
-
1+0
-
-
Reduce to Deduce
1+0
-
1+0
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
-
6
Essence of Number
1
1
1
-
2
2
6
4
1
3
5
7
9
-
-

 

 

The Island Where Time Stands Still (Gregory Sallust Book 9)
by Dennis Wheatley 1936

 

T
=
2
-
3
THE
33
15
6
I
=
9
-
6
ISLAND
59
23
5
W
=
4
-
5
WHERE
59
32
5
T
=
2
-
4
TIME
47
20
2
S
=
1
-
6
STANDS
77
14
5
S
=
1
-
5
STILL
72
18
9
-
-
19
-
29
First Total
347
122
32
-
-
1+9
-
2+9
Add to Reduce
3+4+7
1+2+2
3+2
-
-
10
-
11
Second Total
14
5
5
-
-
1+0
-
1+1
Reduce to Deduce
1+4
-
-
-
-
1
-
2
Essence of Number
2
2
2

 

 

-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
T
=
2
-
5
THOSE
67
22
4
-
-
-
-
4
-
-
-
-
-
P
=
7
-
6
PATENT
76
22
4
-
-
-
-
4
-
-
-
-
-
P
=
7
-
7
PATIENT
85
31
4
-
-
-
-
4
-
-
-
-
-
P
=
7
-
8
PATENTED
85
31
4
-
-
-
-
4
-
-
-
-
-
P
=
7
-
7
PATTERN
94
31
4
-
-
-
-
4
-
-
-
-
-
M
=
4
-
6
MAKERS
67
22
4
-
-
-
-
4
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
34
-
39
First Total
474
159
24
-
1
2
3
24
3
3
9
9
9
-
-
3+4
-
3+9
Add to Reduce
4+7+4
1+5+9
2+4
-
-
-
-
2+4
-
-
-
-
-
-
7
-
12
Second Total
15
15
6
-
1
2
3
6
3
3
5
7
9
-
-
-
-
1+2
Reduce to Deduce
1+5
1+5
1+1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
7
-
3
Essence of Number
6
6
6
-
1
2
3
6
3
3
5
7
9

 

THOSE PATENT PATIENT PATENTED PATTERN MAKERS

 

 

-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
-
-
-
-
-
NINETEEN
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
N
=
5
-
1
N
14
5
5
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
-
I
=
9
-
1
I
9
9
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
N
=
5
-
1
N
14
5
5
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
-
E
=
5
-
1
E
5
5
5
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
-
T
=
2
-
1
T
20
2
2
-
-
2
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
E
=
5
-
1
E
5
5
5
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
-
E
=
5
-
1
E
5
5
5
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
-
N
=
5
-
1
N
14
5
5
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
-
-
-
41
-
8
NINETEEN
86
41
41
-
1
2
3
4
30
6
7
8
9
-
-
4+1
-
-
8+6
4+1
4+1
-
-
-
-
-
3+0
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
8
NINETEEN
14
5
5
-
1
2
3
4
3
6
7
8
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
1+4
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
8
NINETEEN
5
5
5
-
1
2
3
4
3
6
7
8
9

 

 

-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
2
5
9
-
-
-
-
-
NINETEEN
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
N
=
5
-
1
N
14
5
5
-
-
5
-
I
=
9
-
1
I
9
9
9
-
-
-
9
N
=
5
-
1
N
14
5
5
-
-
5
-
E
=
5
-
1
E
5
5
5
-
-
5
-
T
=
2
-
1
T
20
2
2
-
2
-
-
E
=
5
-
1
E
5
5
5
-
-
5
-
E
=
5
-
1
E
5
5
5
-
-
5
-
N
=
5
-
1
N
14
5
5
-
-
5
-
-
-
41
-
8
NINETEEN
86
41
41
-
2
30
9
-
-
4+1
-
-
8+6
4+1
4+1
-
-
3+0
-
-
5
-
8
NINETEEN
14
5
5
-
2
3
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
1+4
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
8
NINETEEN
5
5
5
-
2
3
9

 

 

-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
-
-
-
-
-
INBETWEEN
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
I
=
9
-
1
I
9
9
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
N
=
5
-
1
N
14
5
5
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
-
B
=
2
-
1
B
2
2
2
-
-
2
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
E
=
5
-
1
E
5
5
5
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
-
T
=
2
-
1
T
20
2
2
-
-
2
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
W
=
5
-
1
W
23
5
5
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
-
E
=
5
-
1
E
5
5
5
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
-
E
=
5
-
1
E
5
5
5
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
-
N
=
5
-
1
N
14
5
5
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
-
-
-
43
-
9
INBETWEEN
97
43
43
-
1
4
3
4
30
6
7
8
9
-
-
4+3
-
-
9+7
4+3
4+3
-
-
-
-
-
3+0
-
-
-
-
-
7
-
9
INBETWEEN
16
7
7
-
1
4
3
4
3
6
7
8
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
1+6
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
7
-
9
INBETWEEN
7
7
7
-
1
4
3
4
3
6
7
8
9

 

 

-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
2
5
9
-
-
-
-
-
INBETWEEN
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
I
=
9
-
1
I
9
9
9
-
-
-
9
N
=
5
-
1
N
14
5
5
-
-
5
-
B
=
2
-
1
B
2
2
2
-
2
-
-
E
=
5
-
1
E
5
5
5
-
-
5
-
T
=
2
-
1
T
20
2
2
-
2
-
-
W
=
5
-
1
W
23
5
5
-
-
5
-
E
=
5
-
1
E
5
5
5
-
-
5
-
E
=
5
-
1
E
5
5
5
-
-
5
-
N
=
5
-
1
N
14
5
5
-
-
5
-
-
-
43
-
9
INBETWEEN
97
43
43
-
4
30
9
-
-
4+3
-
-
9+7
4+3
4+3
-
-
3+0
-
-
7
-
9
INBETWEEN
16
7
7
-
4
3
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
1+6
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
7
-
9
INBETWEEN
7
7
7
-
4
3
9

 

 

973-eht-namuh-973.com/forum/

heron Posts: 13
Joined: Tue Apr 05, 2016 3:48 pm

Re: An Introduction to Hyperspace

Postby heron » Tue Apr 05, 2016 8:10 pm

Creatures that drift
in the depths of the sea
are the very last
to discover the water

 

 

-
-
-
-
-
INVICTUS
-
-
-
I
=
9
-
1
I
9
9
9
N
=
5
-
1
N
14
5
5
V
=
4
-
1
V
22
4
4
I
=
9
-
1
I
9
9
9
C
-
3
-
1
C
3
3
3
T
-
2
-
1
T
20
2
2
U
-
3
-
1
U
21
3
3
S
=
1
-
1
S
19
10
1
-
-
36
-
8
INVICTUS
117
45
36
-
-
3+6
-
-
-
1+1+7
4+5
3+6
-
-
9
-
8
INVICTUS
9
9
9

 

 

 

 

 

THE

LOST LANGUAGE OF SYMBOLISM

AN ENQUIRY INTO THE ORIGIN OF CERTAIN

LETTERS, WORDS, NAMES, FAIRY-TALES, FOLK-LORE AND MYTHOLOGIES

Harold Bayley 1912

THE EYE OF THE UNIVERSE

Page 302

The-high ancestry of the human Ego, the" I myself," the "I" of the first person singular is reflected in the Greek and Latin term Ego, the "Great O." The Anglo-Saxon for "I" was Ic and the Old English Ik. The Dutch is Ik, the Icelandic is Ek, and the German Ich. The French Je means the ever-existent, and in the Danish and Swedish Jeg and Jag we are again confronted with" ever-existent great one." The Lithuanian for "I myself" is Asz, i.e. the "light of the strong Light," and in the Sanscrit Aham there is, as it were, an echo1 of the words "I AM"

"Shall any gazer see with mortal eyes,
Or any searcher know by mortal mind;
Veil after veil will lift-but there must be
Veil upon veil behind."

"Pyramid Text 1655 lists the gods of the Great Ennead and acknowledges Atum as the father of the other eight. It reads, “O you Great Ennead which is on Ōn (Heliopolis), (namely) Atum, Shu, Tefēnet, Gēb, Nūt, Osiris, Isis, Seth, and Nephthys; O you children of Atum, extend his goodwill to his child in your name of Nine Bows."

http://www.bible.org

 

3
THE
-
-
-
6
FAMILY
-
-
-
-
A
1
1
1
-
T
20
2
2
-
L
12
3
3
-
M
13
4
4
-
E
5
5
5
-
F
6
6
6
-
Y
25
7
7
-
H
8
8
8
-
I
9
9
9
3
THE
-
-
-
-
FAMILY
-
-
-
9
Add to Reduce
99
45
45
-
Reduce to Deduce
9+9
4+5
4+5
9
Essence of Number
18
9
9

 

 

 

 

 

 

1
-
R
=
9
6
RE ATUM
78
24
6
-
1
2
-
S
=
1
3
SHU
48
12
3
-
2
3
-
T
=
2
6
TEFNUT
86
23
5
-
3
4
-
G
=
7
3
GEB
14
14
5
-
4
5
-
N
=
5
3
NUT
55
10
1
-
5
6
-
O
=
6
6
OSIRIS
89
35
8
-
6
7
-
I
=
9
4
ISIS
56
20
2
-
7
8
-
S
=
1
3
SET
44
8
8
-
8
9
-
N
=
5
8
NEPHTHYS
115
43
7
-
9
45
-
-
-
45
42
First Total
585
189
45
-
45
4+5
-
-
-
4+5
4+2
Add to Reduce
5+8+5
1+8+9
4+5
-
4+5
9
-
-
-
9
6
Second Total
18
18
9
-
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
Reduce to Deduce
1+8
1+8
-
-
-
9
-
-
-
9
6
Essence of Number
9
9
9
-
9

 

 

3
THE
33
15
6
5
ENNEA
39
21
3
8
Add to Reduce
72
36
9
-
Reduce to Deduce
7+2
3+6
-
8
Essence of Number
9
9
9

 

 

-
-
-
-
8
THE ENNEA
72
36
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
R
=
9
-
2
RA
19
10
1
A
=
1
-
4
ATUM
55
10
1
S
=
1
-
3
SHU
48
12
3
T
=
2
-
6
TEFNUT
86
23
5
G
=
7
-
3
GEB
14
14
5
N
=
5
-
3
NUT
55
10
1
O
=
6
-
6
OSIRIS
89
35
8
I
=
9
-
4
ISIS
56
20
2
S
=
1
-
3
SET
44
8
8
N
=
5
-
8
NEPHTHYS
115
43
7
46
-
-
-
42
-
581
221
41
4+6
-
-
-
4+2
-
5+8+1
2+2+1
4+1
10
-
-
-
6
-
14
5
5
1+0
-
-
-
-
-
1+4
-
-
1
-
-
-
6
TO
5
5
5
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
4
ATUM
55
10
1
-
-
-
-
3
SHU
48
12
3
-
-
-
-
6
TEFNUT
86
23
5
-
-
-
-
13
-
189
45
9
-
-
-
-
1+3
-
1+8+9
4+5
-
-
-
-
-
4
-
18
9
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
1+8
-
-
-
-
-
-
4
-
9
9
9

 

 

-
-
-
-
8
THE ENNEA
72
36
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
R
=
9
-
2
RE
23
14
5
A
=
1
-
4
ATUM
55
10
1
S
=
1
-
3
SHU
48
12
3
T
=
2
-
6
TEFNUT
86
23
5
G
=
7
-
3
GEB
14
14
5
N
=
5
-
3
NUT
55
10
1
O
=
6
-
6
OSIRIS
89
35
8
I
=
9
-
4
ISIS
56
20
2
S
=
1
-
3
SET
44
8
8
N
=
5
-
8
NEPHTHYS
115
43
7
46
-
-
-
42
-
585
225
45
4+6
-
-
-
4+2
-
5+8+5
2+2+5
4+5
10
-
-
-
6
-
18
9
9
1+0
-
-
-
-
-
1+8
-
-
1
-
-
-
6
TO
9
9
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
4
ATUM
55
10
1
-
-
-
-
3
SHU
48
12
3
-
-
-
-
6
TEFNUT
86
23
5
-
-
-
-
13
-
189
45
9
-
-
-
-
1+3
-
1+8+9
4+5
-
-
-
-
-
4
-
18
9
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
1+8
-
-
-
-
-
-
4
-
9
9
9

 

 

1
-
R
=
9
6
RE ATUM
78
24
6
-
1
2
-
S
=
1
3
SHU
48
12
3
-
2
3
-
T
=
2
6
TEFNUT
86
23
5
-
3
4
-
G
=
7
3
GEB
14
14
5
-
4
5
-
N
=
5
3
NUT
55
10
1
-
5
6
-
O
=
6
6
OSIRIS
89
35
8
-
6
7
-
I
=
9
4
ISIS
56
20
2
-
7
8
-
S
=
1
3
SET
44
8
8
-
8
9
-
N
=
5
8
NEPHTHYS
115
43
7
-
9
45
-
-
-
45
42
First Total
585
189
45
-
45
4+5
-
-
-
4+5
4+2
Add to Reduce
5+8+5
1+8+9
4+5
-
4+5
9
-
-
-
9
6
Second Total
18
18
9
-
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
Reduce to Deduce
1+8
1+8
-
-
-
9
-
-
-
9
6
Essence of Number
9
9
9
-
9

 

 

THE

LIVING GODS ENERGIES GODS LIVING

DIVINE THOUGHT THOUGHT DIVINE

THE

CREATORS

R LIGHT PERFECT CREATORS I ME I ME I CREATORS PERFECT LIGHT R

 

 

GOD WITH US AND US WITH GOD

 

 

3
GOD
26
17
8
4
WITH
60
24
6
2
US
40
4
4
9
Add to Reduce
126
45
18
-
Reduce to Deduce
1+2+6
4+5
1+8
9
Essence of Number
9
9
9

 

 

-
9
G
O
D
-
W
I
T
H
-
U
S
-
-
-
-
-
--
-
-
24
-
-
6
-
-
-
9
-
8
-
-
1
+
=
24
2+4
=
6
=
6
51
-
-
15
-
-
-
9
-
8
-
-
19
+
=
51
5+1
=
6
=
6
-
9
G
O
D
-
W
I
T
H
-
U
S
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
21
-
7
-
4
-
5
-
2
-
-
3
-
+
=
21
2+1
=
3
=
3
75
-
7
-
4
-
23
-
20
-
-`
21
-
+
=
75
7+5
=
12
1+2
3
-
9
G
O
D
-
W
I
T
H
-
U
S
-
-
-
-
-
--
-
-
126
-
7
15
4
-
23
9
20
8
-
21
19
+
=
126
1+2+6
=
9
-
9
45
-
7
6
4
-
5
9
2
8
-
3
1
+
=
45
4+5
=
9
-
9
-
9
G
O
D
-
W
I
T
H
-
U
S
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
-
-
1
occurs
x
1
=
1
2
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
2
-
-
-
-
-
-
2
occurs
x
1
=
2
3
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
3
-
-
-
3
occurs
x
1
=
3
4
-
-
-
4
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
4
occurs
x
1
=
4
5
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
5
occurs
x
1
=
5
6
--
-
6
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
6
occurs
x
1
=
6
7
-
7
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
7
occurs
x
1
=
7
8
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
-
-
-
-
-
8
occurs
x
1
=
8
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
occurs
x
1
=
9
45
9
G
O
D
-
W
I
T
H
-
U
S
-
-
45
-
-
9
-
45
4+5
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
4+5
-
-
-
-
4+5
9
9
G
O
D
-
W
I
T
H
-
U
S
-
-
9
-
-
9
-
9
-
-
7
6
4
-
5
9
2
8
-
3
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
9
G
O
D
-
W
I
T
H
-
U
S
-
-
9
-
-
9
-
9

 

 

-
9
G
O
D
W
I
T
H
S
-
-
-
-
-
--
-
-
24
-
-
6
-
-
9
-
8
-
1
+
=
24
2+4
=
6
=
6
51
-
-
15
-
-
9
-
8
-
19
+
=
51
5+1
=
6
=
6
-
9
G
O
D
W
I
T
H
U
S
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
21
-
7
-
4
5
-
2
-
3
-
+
=
21
2+1
=
3
=
3
75
-
7
-
4
23
-
20
-
21
-
+
=
75
7+5
=
12
1+2
3
-
9
G
O
D
W
I
T
H
U
S
-
-
-
-
-
--
-
-
126
-
7
15
4
23
9
20
8
21
19
+
=
126
1+2+6
=
9
-
9
45
-
7
6
4
5
9
2
8
3
1
+
=
45
4+5
=
9
-
9
-
9
G
O
D
W
I
T
H
U
S
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
-
-
1
occurs
x
1
=
1
2
-
-
-
-
-
-
2
-
-
-
-
-
2
occurs
x
1
=
2
3
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
3
-
-
-
3
occurs
x
1
=
3
4
-
-
-
4
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
4
occurs
x
1
=
4
5
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
5
occurs
x
1
=
5
6
--
-
6
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
6
occurs
x
1
=
6
7
-
7
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
7
occurs
x
1
=
7
8
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
-
-
-
-
8
occurs
x
1
=
8
9
-
-
-
-
-
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
occurs
x
1
=
9
45
9
G
O
D
W
I
T
H
U
S
-
-
45
-
-
9
-
45
4+5
-
-
-
-
-
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
4+5
-
-
-
-
4+5
9
9
G
O
D
W
I
T
H
U
S
-
-
9
-
-
9
-
9
-
-
7
6
4
5
9
2
8
3
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
9
G
O
D
W
I
T
H
U
S
-
-
9
-
-
9
-
9

 

 

GOD WITH US AND US WITH GOD

 

 

3
GOD
26
17
8
4
WITH
60
24
6
2
US
40
4
4
9
Add to Reduce
126
45
18
-
Reduce to Deduce
1+2+6
4+5
1+8
9
Essence of Number
9
9
9

 

 

-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
-
-
-
-
-
GOD WITH US
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
G
=
7
-
1
G
7
7
7
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
7
-
-
O
=
6
-
1
O
15
6
6
-
-
-
-
-
-
6
-
-
-
D
=
4
-
1
D
4
4
4
-
-
-
-
4
-
-
-
-
-
W
=
5
-
1
W
23
5
5
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
-
I
=
9
-
1
I
9
9
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
T
=
2
-
1
T
20
2
2
-
-
2
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
H
=
8
-
1
H
8
8
8
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
-
U
=
3
-
1
U
21
3
3
-
-
-
3
-
-
-
-
-
-
S
=
1
-
1
S
19
10
1
-
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
18
-
9
GOD WITH US
126
45
18
-
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
-
-
1+8
-
-
-
1+2+6
4+5
1+8
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
-
9
GOD WITH US
9
9
9
-
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9

 

 

-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
-
-
-
-
-
GOD WITH US
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
S
=
1
-
1
S
19
10
1
-
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
T
=
2
-
1
T
20
2
2
-
-
2
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
U
=
3
-
1
U
21
3
3
-
-
-
3
-
-
-
-
-
-
D
=
4
-
1
D
4
4
4
-
-
-
-
4
-
-
-
-
-
W
=
5
-
1
W
23
5
5
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
-
O
=
6
-
1
O
15
6
6
-
-
-
-
-
-
6
-
-
-
G
=
7
-
1
G
7
7
7
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
7
-
-
H
=
8
-
1
H
8
8
8
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
-
I
=
9
-
1
I
9
9
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
-
-
18
-
9
GOD WITH US
126
45
18
-
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
-
-
1+8
-
-
-
1+2+6
4+5
1+8
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
-
9
GOD WITH US
9
9
9
-
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9

 

 

4
GODS
45
18
9
1
I
9
9
9
5
VOICE
54
27
9
10
Add to Reduce
108
54
27
1+0
Reduce to Deduce
1+0+8
5+4
2+7
1
Essence of Number
9
9
9

 

 

3
THE
-
-
-
6
FAMILY
-
-
-
-
A
1
1
1
-
T
20
2
2
-
L
12
3
3
-
M
13
4
4
-
E
5
5
5
-
F
6
6
6
-
Y
25
7
7
-
H
8
8
8
-
I
9
9
9
3
THE
-
-
-
-
FAMILY
-
-
-
9
Add to Reduce
99
45
45
-
Reduce to Deduce
9+9
4+5
4+5
9
Essence of Number
18
9
9

 

 

3
THE
33
15
6
6
FAMILY
66
30
3
9
First Total
99
45
45
-
Add to Reduce
9+9
4+5
4+5
9
Second Total
18
9
9
-
Reduce to Deduce
1+8
-
-
9
Essence of Number
9
9
9

 

 

3
THE
-
-
-
6
FAMILY
-
-
-
-
T
20
2
2
-
H
8
8
8
-
E
5
5
5
-
THE
-
-
-
-
F
6
6
6
-
A
1
1
1
-
M
13
4
4
-
I
9
9
9
-
L
12
3
3
-
Y
25
7
7
-
FAMILY
-
-
-
9
Add to Reduce
99
45
45
-
Reduce to Deduce
9+9
4+5
4+5
9
Essence of Number
18
9
9

 

 

-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
-
-
-
-
-
THE
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
FAMILY
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
T
=
2
-
1
T
20
2
2
-
-
2
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
H
=
8
-
1
H
8
8
8
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
-
E
=
5
-
1
E
5
5
5
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
-
F
=
6
-
1
F
6
6
6
-
-
-
-
-
-
6
-
-
-
A
=
1
-
1
A
1
1
1
-
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
M
=
4
-
1
M
13
4
4
-
-
-
-
4
-
-
-
-
-
I
=
9
-
1
I
9
9
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
L
=
3
-
1
L
12
3
3
-
-
-
3
-
-
-
-
-
-
Y
=
7
-
1
Y
25
7
7
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
7
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
FAMILY
-
-
-
-
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
-
-
-
-
-
THE
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
45
-
9
-
99
45
45
-
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
-
-
4+5
-
-
-
9+9
4+5
4+5
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
-
9
-
18
9
9
-
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9

 

 

-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
-
-
-
-
-
THE
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
FAMILY
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
A
=
1
-
1
A
1
1
1
-
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
T
=
2
-
1
T
20
2
2
-
-
2
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
L
=
3
-
1
L
12
3
3
-
-
-
3
-
-
-
-
-
-
M
=
4
-
1
M
13
4
4
-
-
-
-
4
-
-
-
-
-
E
=
5
-
1
E
5
5
5
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
-
F
=
6
-
1
F
6
6
6
-
-
-
-
-
-
6
-
-
-
Y
=
7
-
1
Y
25
7
7
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
7
-
-
H
=
8
-
1
H
8
8
8
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
-
I
=
9
-
1
I
9
9
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
-
-
-
-
-
FAMILY
-
-
-
-
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
-
-
-
-
-
THE
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
45
-
9
-
99
45
45
-
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
-
-
4+5
-
-
-
9+9
4+5
4+5
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
-
9
-
18
9
9
-
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9

 

 

THE

PROPHET

Kahil Gibran

Page 82/83/84/85/86

"If these be vague words, then seek not to clear them.

Vague and nebulous is the beginning of all things, but not their end,

And I would have you remember me as a beginning.

Life, and all that lives, is conceived in the mist and not in the crystal.

And who knows but a crystal is mist in decay

This would I have you remember in remembering me:

That which seems most feeble and bewildered in you is the strongest and most determined.

Is it not your breath that has erected and hardened the structure of your bones?

And is it not a dream which none of you remember having dreamt, that builded your city and fashioned all there is in it?

Could you but see the tides of that breath you would cease to see all else,

And if you could hear the whispering of the dream you would hear no other sound.

But you do not see, nor do you here, and it is well.

The veil that clouds your eyes shall be lifted by the hands that wove it,

And the clay that fills your ears shall be pierced by those fingers that kneaded it.

And you shall see

And you shall hear.

Yet you shall not deplore having known blindness, nor regret having been deaf

For in that day you shall know the hidden purposes in all things,

And you shall bless darkness as you would bless light.

After saying these things he looked about him,

and he saw the pilot of his ship standing by the helm

and gazing now at the full sails and now at the distance.

And he said:

Patient, over patient, is the captain of my ship.

The wind blows, and restless are the sails;

Even the rudder begs direction;

Yet quietly my captain awaits my silence.

And these my mariners, who have heard the

choir of the greater sea, they too have heard me

patiently.

Now they shall wait no longer.

I am ready

The stream has reached the sea, and once more

THE GREAT MOTHER

holds her son against her breast.

Fare you well, people of Orphalese.

This day has ended.

It is closing upon us even as the water-lily upon its own tomorrow.

What was given us here we shall keep,

And if it suffices not, then again must we come together and together

stretch our hands unto the giver.

Forget not that I shall come back to you.

A little while, and my longing shall gather dust and foam for another body.

A little while, a moment of rest upon the wind, and another woman shall bear me.

Farewell to you and the youth I have spent with you.

It was but yesterday we met in a dream.

You have sung to me in my aloneness, and I of your longings have built a tower in the sky.

But now our sleep has fled and our dream is over, and it is no longer dawn.

The noontide is upon us and our half waking has turned to fuller day, and we must part.

If in the twilight of memory we should meet once more,

we shall speak again together and you shall sing to me a deeper song.

and if our hands should meet in another dream we shall build another tower in the sky.

So saying he made a signal to the seamen,

and straightaway they weighed anchor and cast the ship loose from its moorings, and they moved eastward.

And a cry came from the people as from a single heart,

and it rose into the dusk and was carried out over the sea like a great trumpeting.

Only Almitra was silent, gazing after the ship until it had vanished into the mist.

And when all the people were dispersed she still stood alone upon the sea-wall,

remembering in her heart his saying:

A little while, a moment of rest upon the wind, and another woman shall bear me.'

 

 

A LITTLE WHILE A MOMENT OF REST UPON THE WIND AND ANOTHER WOMAN SHALL BEAR ME

 

-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
A
=
1
-
1
A
1
1
1
-
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
L
=
3
-
6
LITTLE
78
24
6
-
-
-
-
-
-
6
-
-
-
W
=
5
-
5
WHILE
57
30
3
-
-
-
3
-
-
-
-
-
-
A
=
1
-
1
A
1
1
1
-
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
M
=
4
-
6
MOMENT
80
26
8
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
-
O
=
6
-
2
OF
21
12
3
-
-
-
3
-
-
-
-
-
-
R
=
9
-
4
REST
62
17
8
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
-
U
=
3
-
4
UPON
66
21
3
-
-
-
3
-
-
-
-
-
-
T
=
2
-
3
THE
33
15
6
-
-
-
-
-
-
6
-
-
-
W
=
5
-
4
WIND
50
23
5
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
-
A
=
1
-
3
AND
19
10
1
-
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
A
=
1
-
7
ANOTHER
81
36
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
W
=
5
-
5
WOMAN
66
21
3
-
-
-
3
-
-
-
-
-
-
S
=
1
-
5
SHALL
52
16
7
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
7
-
-
B
=
2
-
4
BEAR
26
17
8
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
-
M
=
4
-
2
ME
18
9
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
-
-
53
-
62
First Total
711
279
81
-
3
2
12
4
5
12
7
24
18
-
-
5+3
-
6+2
Add to Reduce
7+1+1
2+7+9
8+1
-
-
-
1+2
-
-
1+2
-
2+4
1+8
-
-
8
-
8
Second Total
9
18
9
-
3
2
3
4
5
3
7
6
9
-
-
-
-
1+3
Reduce to Deduce
-
1+8
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
-
8
Essence of Number
9
9
9
-
3
2
3
4
5
3
7
6
9

 

 

 

14
NINENINETYNINE
171
81
9
4
NINE
42
24
6
6
NINETY
87
33
6
4
NINE
42
24
6
14
NINENINETYNINE
171
81
18
1+4
-
1+7+1
8+1
1+8
5
NINENINETYNINE
9
9
9

 

 

-
14
N
I
N
E
-
N
I
N
E
T
Y
-
N
I
N
E
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
5
9
5
-
-
5
9
5
-
-
-
-
5
9
5
-
+
=
57
5+7
=
12
1+2
3
=
3
-
-
14
9
14
-
-
14
9
14
-
-
-
-
14
9
14
-
+
=
111
1+1+1
=
3
=
3
=
3
-
14
N
I
N
E
-
N
I
N
E
T
Y
-
N
I
N
E
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
-
5
2
7
-
-
-
-
5
+
=
24
2+4
=
6
=
6
=
6
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
-
5
20
25
-
-
-
-
5
+
=
60
6+0
=
6
=
6
=
6
-
14
N
I
N
E
-
N
I
N
E
T
Y
-
N
I
N
E
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
14
9
14
5
-
14
9
14
5
20
25
-
14
9
14
5
+
=
171
1+7+1
=
9
=
9
=
9
-
-
5
9
5
5
-
5
9
5
5
2
7
-
5
9
5
5
+
=
81
8+1
=
9
=
9
=
9
-
14
N
I
N
E
-
N
I
N
E
T
Y
-
N
I
N
E
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
ONE
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
2
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
2
occurs
x
1
=
2
=
2
3
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
3
THREE
3
-
-
-
-
-
4
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
4
FOUR
4
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
5
5
-
5
-
5
5
-
-
-
5
-
5
5
-
-
5
occurs
x
9
=
45
4+5
9
6
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
6
SIX
6
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
7
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
7
occurs
x
1
=
7
=
7
8
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
EIGHT
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
-
-
-
-
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
-
-
-
-
9
occurs
x
3
=
27
2+7
9
22
14
N
I
N
E
N
I
N
E
T
Y
-
N
I
N
E
-
-
23
-
-
14
-
81
-
27
2+2
1+4
-
9
-
-
-
-
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
-
-
-
-
2+3
-
-
1+4
-
8+1
-
2+7
4
5
N
I
N
E
N
I
N
E
T
Y
-
N
I
N
E
-
-
5
-
-
5
-
9
-
9
-
-
5
9
5
5
-
5
9
5
5
2
7
-
5
9
5
5
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
4
5
N
I
N
E
N
I
N
E
T
Y
-
N
I
N
E
-
-
5
-
-
5
-
9
-
9

 

 

14
N
I
N
E
-
N
I
N
E
T
Y
-
N
I
N
E
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
5
9
5
-
-
5
9
5
-
-
-
-
5
9
5
-
+
=
57
5+7
=
12
1+2
3
=
3
-
14
9
14
-
-
14
9
14
-
-
-
-
14
9
14
-
+
=
111
1+1+1
=
3
=
3
=
3
14
N
I
N
E
-
N
I
N
E
T
Y
-
N
I
N
E
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
-
5
2
7
-
-
-
-
5
+
=
24
2+4
=
6
=
6
=
6
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
-
5
20
25
-
-
-
-
5
+
=
60
6+0
=
6
=
6
=
6
14
N
I
N
E
-
N
I
N
E
T
Y
-
N
I
N
E
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
14
9
14
5
-
14
9
14
5
20
25
-
14
9
14
5
+
=
171
1+7+1
=
9
=
9
=
9
-
5
9
5
5
-
5
9
5
5
2
7
-
5
9
5
5
+
=
81
8+1
=
9
=
9
=
9
14
N
I
N
E
-
N
I
N
E
T
Y
-
N
I
N
E
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
2
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
2
occurs
x
1
=
2
=
2
-
5
-
5
5
-
5
-
5
5
-
-
-
5
-
5
5
-
-
5
occurs
x
9
=
45
4+5
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
7
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
7
occurs
x
1
=
7
=
7
-
-
9
-
-
-
-
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
-
-
-
-
9
occurs
x
3
=
27
2+7
9
14
N
I
N
E
N
I
N
E
T
Y
-
N
I
N
E
-
-
23
-
-
14
-
81
-
27
1+4
-
9
-
-
-
-
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
-
-
-
-
2+3
-
-
1+4
-
8+1
-
2+7
5
N
I
N
E
N
I
N
E
T
Y
-
N
I
N
E
-
-
5
-
-
5
-
9
-
9
-
5
9
5
5
-
5
9
5
5
2
7
-
5
9
5
5
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
5
N
I
N
E
N
I
N
E
T
Y
-
N
I
N
E
-
-
5
-
-
5
-
9
-
9

 

 

14
N
I
N
E
N
I
N
E
T
Y
N
I
N
E
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
5
9
5
-
5
9
5
-
-
-
5
9
5
-
+
=
57
5+7
=
12
1+2
3
=
3
-
14
9
14
-
14
9
14
-
-
-
14
9
14
-
+
=
111
1+1+1
=
3
=
3
=
3
14
N
I
N
E
N
I
N
E
T
Y
N
I
N
E
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
5
2
7
-
-
-
5
+
=
24
2+4
=
6
=
6
=
6
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
5
20
25
-
-
-
5
+
=
60
6+0
=
6
=
6
=
6
14
N
I
N
E
N
I
N
E
T
Y
N
I
N
E
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
14
9
14
5
14
9
14
5
20
25
14
9
14
5
+
=
171
1+7+1
=
9
=
9
=
9
-
5
9
5
5
5
9
5
5
2
7
5
9
5
5
+
=
81
8+1
=
9
=
9
=
9
14
N
I
N
E
N
I
N
E
T
Y
N
I
N
E
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
2
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
2
occurs
x
1
=
2
=
2
-
5
-
5
5
5
-
5
5
-
-
5
-
5
5
-
-
5
occurs
x
9
=
45
4+5
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
7
-
-
-
-
-
-
7
occurs
x
1
=
7
=
7
-
-
9
-
-
-
9
-
-
-
-
-
9
-
-
-
-
9
occurs
x
3
=
27
2+7
9
14
N
I
N
E
N
I
N
E
T
Y
N
I
N
E
-
-
23
-
-
14
-
81
-
27
1+4
-
9
-
-
-
9
-
-
-
-
-
9
-
-
-
-
2+3
-
-
1+4
-
8+1
-
2+7
5
N
I
N
E
N
I
N
E
T
Y
N
I
N
E
-
-
5
-
-
5
-
9
-
9
-
5
9
5
5
5
9
5
5
2
7
5
9
5
5
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
5
N
I
N
E
N
I
N
E
T
Y
N
I
N
E
-
-
5
-
-
5
-
9
-
9

 

 


 

 

 

 
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